"Litoria" castanea, also known as the yellow-spotted tree frog,[3] New England swamp frog, tablelands bell frog, or yellow-spotted bell frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae.[2] It is a critically endangered species of frog that is endemic to south-eastern Australia.
| "Litoria" castanea | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hylidae |
| Genus: | "Litoria" |
| Species: | "L." castanea
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| Binomial name | |
| "Litoria" castanea Steindachner, 1867
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Taxonomy edit
The placement of "Litoria" castanea is considered as incertae sedis within the subfamily Pelodryadinae and its temporary inclusion in the genus Litoria is indicated by the quotation marks around the genus name. It is presumed that it will ultimately be returned to the genus Ranoidea along with the other members of the former Litoria aurea species complex.[2]
Description edit
"Litoria" castanea is distinguished by cream markings on its thighs. Its overall colour is pale green and the dark to black spots are highlighted by the bronze patches. The toes are entirely webbed.
Distribution and habitat edit
"Litoria" castanea is endemic to the New England Tablelands bioregion of south-eastern Australia.[1][4]
The species favours permanent water bodies and its natural habitats are temperate grassland, rivers, intermittent rivers, swamps, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, and ponds.[1]
Conservation edit
No recorded sighting had been made since 1980, and by 2004 the species was considered as possibly extinct. The reasons behind its drastic decline are unclear, but the disease chytridiomycosis is suspected to have played a major role.[1] However, in late 2009 New South Wales Fisheries field scientist Luke Pearce located a surviving population of the frogs.[5] Scientists acted quickly to establish a small "insurance" colony. Soon after, the wild colony was eradicated due to two consecutive floods and an outbreak of chytrid fungus. Following a breeding program at Sydney's Taronga Zoo, in early 2018, a colony of yellow-spotted bell frogs was released in a secret location in the New South Wales' southern tablelands.[6]
References edit
- ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2022). "Litoria castanea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T12145A78435992.
- ^ a b c ""Litoria" castanea (Steindachner, 1867) | Amphibian Species of the World". amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
- ^ Michael Tyler & Frank Knight (2011). "Yellow-spotted Tree Frog". Field Guide to the Frogs of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-643-10400-6.
New England swamp frog
- ^ "Litoria castanea". Australian Faunal Directory. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
- ^ "'Extinct' frog species found alive after 30 years". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 4 March 2010.
- ^ "Taronga Zoo releases colony of critically endangered bell frogs". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 27 March 2018.
External links edit
- "Litoria castanea". Australian Frog Database. Frogs Australia Network. 23 February 2005. Archived from the original on 31 October 2007.
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