This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.312 under that system. These instruments may be known as spike box lutes or spike guitars.
- 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).
- 321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)
- 321.31: Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator (spike lutes)
- 321.312: Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood (spike box lutes, spike guitars)
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
- 4: Hammers or beaters
- 5: Bare hands and fingers
- 6: Plectrum
- 7: Bowing
- 71: Using a bow
- 72: Using a wheel
- 73: Using a ribbon
- 8: Keyboard
- 9: Using a mechanical drive
| Instrument | Tradition | Hornbostel–Sachs classification | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| banjo[1][2] |
African American | 321.312-5 | Four or five stringed instrument, plucked with a bare thumb and a forefinger covered by a metal thimble, traditionally with four or five strings, |
| gimbri guinbri, guimbri, gimbri, ginibri |
Gnawa music | 321.312 | Rectangular box lute with leather tuning rings |
| gusle[3][4][5] |
Serbia, Montenegro and elsewhere in the former Yugoslavia | 321.312 | Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg ⓘ |
| morin khuur horse-head fiddle, |
Mongolia, Tuva | 321.312 | Two-stringed instrument, held between the legs, with a trapezoidal body and a horse's head typically carved on the upper edge of the pegbox |
| rubab[6][7] rabab |
Afghanistan and neighboring areas | 321.312-6 | Short-necked three-stringed lute with sympathetic and drone strings, fretted and plucked with a plectrum, with a double-chambered body, the lower part of which is covered in skin, and with three main strings |
| sanshin[8] |
Ryukyus of Japan | 321.312-6 | Three stringed banjo-like instrument, covered with snakeskin |
| sanxian |
China | 321.312 | Three-stringed fretless plucked instrument, with a box covered in snakeskin.
|
References edit
- von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal. 14. Galpin Society: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168.
Notes edit
- ^ Hill, Errol; James Vernon Hatch (2003). A History of African American Theatre. Don B. Wilmeth. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-62443-6.
- ^ Bailey, Jay (January–March 1972). "Historical Origin and Stylistic Developments of the Five-String Banjo". Journal of American Folklore. 85 (335). American Folklore Society: 58–65. doi:10.2307/539129. JSTOR 539129.
- ^ "'Spinning Out of Control': Rhetoric and Violent Conflict" (pdf). June 1, 2006. p. 4. Retrieved December 21, 2007.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Montenegrin Music". Visit Montenegro. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ Lord, Albert B. (1936). "Homer and Huso I: The Singer's Rests in Greek and Southslavic Heroic Song". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. 67. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 106–113. doi:10.2307/283230. JSTOR 283230.
- ^ Doubleday, Veronica (2000). "Afghanistan: Red Light at the Crossroads". In Broughton, Simon; Mark Ellingham; James McConnachie; Orla Duane (eds.). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 3–7. ISBN 1-85828-636-0.
- ^ ARC music; Peter McClelland. "Glossary of Folk Instruments". Hobgoblin Music. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Tokita, Alison McQueen; David Hughes. "Context and Change in Japanese Music" (pdf). Retrieved December 17, 2007.