Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the gene LRG1.[5]

LRG1
Identifiers
AliasesLRG1, HMFT1766, LRG, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, LGR-1
External IDsOMIM: 611289; MGI: 1924155; HomoloGene: 36468; GeneCards: LRG1; OMA:LRG1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_052972

NM_029796

RefSeq (protein)

NP_443204

NP_084072

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 4.54 – 4.54 MbChr 17: 56.43 – 56.43 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

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The leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family of proteins, including LRG1, have been shown to be involved in protein-protein interaction, signal transduction, and cell adhesion and development. LRG1 is expressed during granulocyte differentiation.[5][6]

LRG1 has been shown to be involved in promoting neovascularization (new blood vessel growth) through causing a switch in transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling in endothelial cells. LRG1 binds to the accessory receptor endoglin and promotes signaling via the ALK1-Smad1/5/8 pathway.[7]

Application

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Levels of the LRG protein are markedly elevated in acute appendicitis and therefore could be used as a diagnostic aid.[8]

LRG1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases where there is aberrant neovascularization.[7]

Circulating LRG1 levels are increased in many cancer patients and may be a useful biomarker. Inhibition of LRG1 normalises the tumor vasculature, improves the efficacy of cytotoxic and immune therapies,[9] and restricts metastatic spread. [10]

LRG1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including cancer, eye disease, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes, lung and kidney disease[11]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000171236Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037095Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: LRG1 leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1".
  6. ^ O'Donnell LC, Druhan LJ, Avalos BR (September 2002). "Molecular characterization and expression analysis of leucine-rich alpha2-glycoprotein, a novel marker of granulocytic differentiation". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 72 (3): 478–485. doi:10.1189/jlb.72.3.478. PMID 12223515. S2CID 967662.
  7. ^ a b Wang X, Abraham S, McKenzie JA, Jeffs N, Swire M, Tripathi VB, et al. (July 2013). "LRG1 promotes angiogenesis by modulating endothelial TGF-β signalling". Nature. 499 (7458): 306–311. Bibcode:2013Natur.499..306W. doi:10.1038/nature12345. PMC 3836402. PMID 23868260.
  8. ^ Vargas IM (2009-06-23). "A urine test for appendicitis?". HarvardScience Press Release. Harvard College. Retrieved 2009-06-25.
  9. ^ O'Connor MN, Kallenberg DM, Camilli C, Pilotti C, Dritsoula A, Jackstadt R, et al. (November 2021). "LRG1 destabilizes tumor vessels and restricts immunotherapeutic potency". Med. 2 (11): 1231–1252.e10. doi:10.1016/j.medj.2021.10.002. PMC 7614757. PMID 35590198.
  10. ^ Singhal M, Gengenbacher N, Abdul Pari AA, Kamiyama M, Hai L, Kuhn BJ, et al. (September 2021). "Temporal multi-omics identifies LRG1 as a vascular niche instructor of metastasis". Science Translational Medicine. 13 (609): eabe6805. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abe6805. PMC 7614902. PMID 34516824. S2CID 237402143.
  11. ^ Camilli C, Hoeh AE, De Rossi G, Moss SE, Greenwood J (January 2022). "LRG1: an emerging player in disease pathogenesis". Journal of Biomedical Science. 29 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/s12929-022-00790-6. PMC 8781713. PMID 35062948.

Further reading

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.