Khatun of Bukhara (died 689) was a queen regent of Bukhara from before 674 until 689, during the minority of her son Tughshada of Bukhara.
She was of Irano-Turkish origin.[1] Her name is unknown and she is known simply as the Khatun of Bukhara ("Queen of Bukhara"). She was married to Bidun of Bukhara, and the mother of Tughshada of Bukhara.
When Bidun of Bukhara died, Khatun became regent of Bukhara during the minority of their son Tughshada.[2] An account described how the queen left her palace (kakh), in the citadel each morning and each evening to review her nobles and servants, and how she issued her decrees from the throne in Registan Gate.[3]
In 673, Ubaydullah bin Ziyad was appointed governor of Khorasan for the Umayyad Caliphate, and in 674 he invaded Central Asia by crossing the Oxus river with an Umayyad army, conquering and pillaging Ramitin and Paykand.[4] The queen forged an alliance with a Turkish ruler who came to her aide, but was defeated in 674.[4] The queen was obliged to make a deal with the Umayyads to save her city, and payed a million dirhams in silver.[4] She payed tribute in silver in 675 and 676.[5]
In 676, the Umayyads took eighty Turkish nobles, her subjects, captive; despite a promise that they would be returned, the Turkish captives were deported as slaves to Medina, were they were worked as agricultural slaves until they rebelled, killed their enslaver and committed mass suicide.[6] [7]
She died in 689 and Vardan Khudah Khunak succeeded her as the regent of her son.[8]
References edit
- ^ Bowersock, G. W., Brown, P., Grabar, O. (1999). Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World. Storbritannien: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 702
- ^ Ayni, S. (2023). Tajikistan’s National Epics: Muqanna's Rebellion and The Tajik People's Hero Temur Malik. Storbritannien: Taylor & Francis.
- ^ Living Islamic History: Studies in Honour of Professor Carole Hillenbrand. (2010). Storbritannien: Edinburgh University Press. 83
- ^ a b c The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. (2012). Storbritannien: Oxford University Press, USA. 218
- ^ Ayni, S. (2023). Tajikistan’s National Epics: Muqanna's Rebellion and The Tajik People's Hero Temur Malik. Storbritannien: Taylor & Francis.
- ^ Naršaḵī, pp. 54, 56-57, tr. pp. 40-41; cf. H. A. R. Gibb, The Arab Conquests in Central Asia, London, 1923, pp. 19-20
- ^ BARDA and BARDA-DĀRI iii. In the Islamic period up to the Mongol invasion in Encyclopedia Iranica
- ^ Ayni, S. (2023). Tajikistan’s National Epics: Muqanna's Rebellion and The Tajik People's Hero Temur Malik. Storbritannien: Taylor & Francis.