Josephine Ophelia Dobbs Clement (née Dobbs; February 9, 1918 – March 23, 1998) was an American politician, teacher, and civil rights activist. She served on the Board of Education of Durham, North Carolina, the first Black woman to do so.
Josephine Dobbs Clement | |
|---|---|
 Clement in 1975 | |
| Member of the Durham County Board of Commissioners | |
| In office 1984–1990 | |
| Member of the Durham City Board of Education | |
| In office 1973–1983 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Josephine Ophelia Dobbs February 9, 1918 Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. |
| Died | March 23, 1998 (aged 80) Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse |
William A. Clement (m. 1941) |
| Parents |
|
| Relatives |
|
| Education | |
Education and early career edit
Josephine Ophelia Dobbs was born on February 9, 1918, in Atlanta, Georgia, the fourth of six daughters to civic leader John Wesley Dobbs and Irene Dobbs (née Thompson).[1][2] She graduated from Spelman College in 1937 and later earned a Master of Arts degree in home economics from Teachers College, Columbia University.[2] Dobbs taught at Morris Brown College and Savannah State College in Georgia.[2] She married William A. Clement in 1941 and moved to Durham, North Carolina in 1946, where she taught at North Carolina Central University.[3][4]
In the late 1940s, Josephine and William Clement filed lawsuits challenging racial discrimination in schools.[5] Clement and 15 other women leaders in the black community chartered the Durham chapter of the Links, a national service organization, in 1958.[6]
Political career edit
In 1971, Clement was appointed to a commission that studied the potential consolidation of Durham City and Durham County.[5] The commission's proposed plan for consolidation was rejected in a 1974 referendum.[7]
The Durham City Council appointed Clement to the Durham City Board of Education in 1973. She was the first black woman to serve on the board.[8] In 1975, the city council asked the North Carolina General Assembly to make the school board an elected body; the legislation was passed in June of the same year. Clement was re-elected to the school board in 1975 and 1979, becoming part of the first black-majority school board in North Carolina.[8][9] In 1978, she became the first black woman to chair the board, and remained in that role for five years.[5][8]
Clement was appointed to the Durham County Board of Commissioners in 1984.[10] She was elected to the board in November 1984, and served three terms until 1990.[11]
Electoral history edit
Durham City Board of Education edit
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonpartisan | Josephine D. Clement (incumbent) | 3,647 | 44.8 | |
| Nonpartisan | Theodore R. Speigner (incumbent) | 3,164 | 38.9 | |
| Nonpartisan | Thomas B. Bass | 3,131 | 38.5 | |
| Nonpartisan | John D. Lennon | 2,777 | 34.1 | |
| Nonpartisan | Harry E. Rodenhizer Jr. (incumbent) | 2,740 | 33.6 | |
| Nonpartisan | Mildred R. Teer | 2,738 | 33.6 | |
| Nonpartisan | James B. Maxwell | 2,583 | 31.7 | |
| Nonpartisan | Robert G. "Bob" Ghirardelli | 2,347 | 28.8 | |
| Nonpartisan | Trellie L. Jeffers | 2,342 | 28.8 | |
| Nonpartisan | Lou Noel | 1,965 | 24.1 | |
| Nonpartisan | Elva P. DeJarmon | 664 | 8.2 | |
| Total votes | 8,143[N 1] | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonpartisan | Josephine D. Clement (incumbent) | 4,762 | 35.5 | |
| Nonpartisan | Robert G. "Bob" Ghirardelli | 4,123 | 30.8 | |
| Nonpartisan | Beth Perry Upchurch | 4,108 | 30.7 | |
| Nonpartisan | Thomas B. Bass (incumbent) | 4,029 | 30.1 | |
| Nonpartisan | John D. Lennon (incumbent) | 4,021 | 30.0 | |
| Nonpartisan | Dennis Nicholson | 3,944 | 29.4 | |
| Nonpartisan | Marty Pierson | 3,863 | 28.8 | |
| Nonpartisan | Trellie L. Jeffers | 3,516 | 26.2 | |
| Nonpartisan | James R. Lumley Sr. | 3,445 | 25.7 | |
| Nonpartisan | William "Bill" Lawrence | 1,607 | 12.0 | |
| Nonpartisan | Betty D. Massenburg | 1,401 | 10.5 | |
| Total votes | 13,402[N 1] | |||
Durham County Board of Commissioners edit
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Rebecca "Becky" Heron (incumbent) | 22,818 | 59.6 | |
| Democratic | Josephine D. Clement | 19,435 | 50.8 | |
| Democratic | William V. "Bill" Bell (incumbent) | 19,239 | 50.2 | |
| Democratic | R. Dillard Teer[N 2] (incumbent) | 11,319 | 29.6 | |
| Democratic | Louise "Lou" McCutcheon[N 2] | 10,647 | 27.8 | |
| Democratic | Albert "Al" Hight[N 2] | 9,745 | 25.4 | |
| Democratic | Brantley DeLoatche (incumbent) | 8,629 | 22.5 | |
| Democratic | Harlan L. Laws | 7,767 | 22.5 | |
| Democratic | Thomas E. Maddry | 2,700 | 7.1 | |
| Democratic | Charles M. "Charlie" Stancel | 1,961 | 5.1 | |
| Democratic | Dewey A. Davis | 1,461 | 3.8 | |
| Total votes | 38,295[N 3] | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Rebecca "Becky" Heron (incumbent) | 32,141 | 48.8 | |
| Democratic | Josephine D. Clement (incumbent) | 30,242 | 46.0 | |
| Democratic | William V. "Bill" Bell (incumbent) | 28,364 | 43.1 | |
| Democratic | Louise "Lou" McCutcheon | 27,064 | 41.1 | |
| Democratic | Albert "Al" Hight | 25,023 | 38.0 | |
| Republican | Russell N. Barringer Jr. | 19,120 | 29.1 | |
| Total votes | 65,804[N 1] | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Rebecca "Becky" Heron (incumbent) | 26,813 | 60.7 | |
| Democratic | Josephine D. Clement (incumbent) | 25,496 | 57.7 | |
| Democratic | William V. "Bill" Bell (incumbent) | 24,781 | 56.1 | |
| Democratic | Albert "Al" Hight (incumbent) | 24,600 | 55.7 | |
| Democratic | Louise "Lou" McCutcheon (incumbent) | 21,134 | 47.8 | |
| Republican | Douglas K. Davidson | 14,455 | 32.7 | |
| Total votes | 44,194[N 1] | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Rebecca "Becky" Heron (incumbent) | 12,754 | 64.3 | |
| Democratic | William V. "Bill" Bell (incumbent) | 10,246 | 51.7 | |
| Democratic | Albert "Al" Hight (incumbent) | 9,770 | 49.3 | |
| Democratic | Josephine D. Clement (incumbent) | 9,663 | 48.7 | |
| Democratic | Ellen Reckhow | 8,748 | 44.1 | |
| Democratic | Louise "Lou" McCutcheon (incumbent) | 8,149 | 41.1 | |
| Democratic | Harlan Laws | 5,800 | 29.2 | |
| Total votes | 19,833[N 3] | |||
Personal life edit
Josephine Dobbs married William A. Clement on December 24, 1941. William's first wife, Frances, had died of cancer in 1940; they had one daughter, Alexine (born 1936). After they were married, Josephine and William had five children: sons William A. (born 1943), Wesley Dobbs (born 1946), and Arthur John (born 1948), and daughters Kathleen Ophelia (born 1957) and Josephine Millicent.[3]
Death edit
Clement died of Sjögren syndrome at age 80 on March 23, 1998.[4]
Legacy edit
The Durham Public Education Network, a nonprofit group, established the Josephine Dobbs Clement Award in 1995.[18] The award is presented annually for "exemplary community leadership in public education".[18][19]
Josephine Dobbs Clement Early College High School, a partnership between Durham Public Schools and North Carolina Central University, opened in 2004 and is named in Clement's honor.[20][21] Cecelia Steppe-Jones, former dean of the School of Education at North Carolina Central University, said that in choosing the name of the school, the program's planners "wanted something special—a name of someone who was or had been an advocate for children", and that Clement's name was ultimately selected due to her public education advocacy, social activism, and leadership.[22]
Notes edit
- ^ a b c d The recorded election turnout. Each voter selected up to five candidates and the top five vote getters won the election.
- ^ a b c Advanced to a runoff election in June 1984. Hight and McCutcheon won the runoff and advanced to the general election, while Teer was eliminated from the race.
- ^ a b The recorded election turnout. Each voter selected up to five candidates and the top five vote getters advanced to the general election.
References edit
- ^ Zagier, Alan Scher (March 25, 1998). "Durham mourns longtime leader after death at 80". The News & Observer. p. 4. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ^ a b c Mays, Benjamin (May 16, 1953). "He Gives Flowers 'To The Living;' The J. W. Dobbses are 'Exceptional'". Pittsburgh Courier. p. 6. Retrieved January 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "William A. Clement Papers, 1930-1998". The Southern Historical Collection at the Louis Round Wilson Special Collections Library. UNC University Libraries. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
- ^ a b Powell, Kay (March 25, 1998). "Josephine Dobbs Clement, 80, civic leader". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 32. Retrieved January 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c Hoar, Stephen (July 27, 1991). "Civil rights advocate never lost sight of family". News & Record. The News & Observer. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
- ^ Anderson 2011, p. 365.
- ^ Anderson 2011, p. 300.
- ^ a b c Vann 2017, p. 50.
- ^ Jordan, Milton (November 15, 1975). "Four realize 'dream' with election to Durham school board". Baltimore Afro-American. p. 5.
- ^ Anderson 2011, p. 412.
- ^ Anderson 2011, p. 453.
- ^ "Municipal Primary City School Board Election" (PDF). Durham County Board of Elections. p. 3. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ^ "Municipal Primary & City School Board" (PDF). Durham County Board of Elections. p. 3. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ^ "Primary" (PDF). Durham County Board of Elections. May 8, 1984. p. 9. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ^ "General" (PDF). Durham County Board of Elections. November 6, 1984. p. 13. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ^ "General" (PDF). Durham County Board of Elections. November 4, 1986. p. 11. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ^ "Party Primary & County School Board Election" (PDF). Durham County Board of Elections. May 3, 1988. p. 6. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ^ a b Hower, Wendy (May 3, 1998). "Volunteer known for getting things done". The News & Observer. p. 31. Retrieved January 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Hui, T. Keung (March 2, 2005). "Broughton principal retiring". The News & Observer. p. 21. Retrieved January 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Ammons honored for starting Early College at NCCU". Winston-Salem Chronicle. July 21, 2005. p. 5. Retrieved January 9, 2021 – via digitalnc.org.
- ^ Hinchcliffe, Kelly (September 27, 2019). "'We did it. We actually did it': Durham school named one of the best in the nation". WRAL. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
- ^ Steppe-Jones, Cecelia (June 2011). Commencement Speech (Speech). Josephine Dobbs Clement Early College High School Commencement 2011. NCCU Teaching Matters. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
Bibliography edit
- Anderson, Jean Bradley (2011). Durham County: A History of Durham County, North Carolina (2nd ed.). Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-4983-9.
- Vann, Andre D. (2017). African Americans of Durham County. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4396-6134-5.