Jastrow may refer to:
- Jastrowie (German: Jastrow), a town in Poland
As a surname it may refer to:
- Elisabeth Jastrow (1890–1981), German-born classical archaeologist
- Ignaz Jastrow (1856–1937), German economist and historian
- Joseph Jastrow (1863–1944), Polish-American psychologist
- Julie Jastrow, American terrestrial ecologist
- Marcus Jastrow (1829–1903), Jewish scholar
- Morris Jastrow, Jr. (1861–1921), Polish-American Orientalist, son of Marcus Jastrow
- Robert Jastrow (1925–2008), American astronomer
- Otto Jastrow (born 1942), German Arabist and Syriacist
As a book it may refer to:
- The famous work of Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature