At least three warships of Japan have borne the name Chikuma after the Chikuma River in Nagano Prefecture:
- Japanese cruiser Chikuma (1911), a Chikuma-class protected cruiser that was commissioned in 1912 and sunk as a target in 1935.
- Japanese cruiser Chikuma (1938), a Tone-class heavy cruiser that was commissioned in 1939 and scuttled in 1944 after the Battle off Samar.
- JS Chikuma, an Abukuma-class destroyer escort launched in 1992
This article includes a list of ships with the same or similar names. If an internal link for a specific ship led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ship article, if one exists.