Inter-Ba'athist conflict

Inter-Ba'athist conflict
Date	1979–present
Location	All over the Arab world, mainly in Iraq and Syria
Belligerents
Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) Ba'ath Party – Syria Region; Pro-Syria Ba'athists in other Arab states; Syria; Iraq; Hezbollah; Iran Supported by:; Soviet Union; Iraqi Shia militias; Russia; PLO (factions); PFLP; DFLP; Ansar Allah	Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region; Pro-Iraq Ba'athists in other Arab states; Ba'athist Iraq; JRTN Supported by:; United States (until 1991); Saudi Arabia (until 1991); Kuwait (until 1991); Lebanese Forces; IMS; Free Syrian Army; PLO (factions)
Commanders and leaders
Hafez al-Assad; Bashar al-Assad; Maher al-Assad; Hassan Turkmani; Assef Shawkat	Saddam Hussein; Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri; Tariq Aziz; Ali Hassan al-Majid; Salah Al-Mukhtar; Raghad Hussein

The Inter-Ba'athist conflict refers to the conflict between the Syrian-led Ba'ath Party and its subgroups, and the Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party and its subgroups.

History

The conflict emerged after the Ba'ath Party split into two factions, that of Syria and that of Iraq, following the 1966 Syrian coup d'état where Michel Aflaq and Salah al-Din al-Bitar were overthrown by Hafez al-Assad and Salah Jadid. In the 1970s, the two Ba'athist parties managed to reconcile, although the conflict erupted again as a result of the 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge in Iraq.^[1]^[2]

In 1980, when Saddam Hussein invaded Iran, leading to the Iran-Iraq war, the Syrian Ba'ath chose to ally with Iran, beginning a Syrian Baathist alliance with Shia Islamists, and an Iraqi Baathist alliance with the West and Sunni Islamists. Despite the Baath Party as a whole claiming to be secular, the conflict is partially rooted in sectarianism as the Iraqi Baath party was led by Sunnis, while the Syrian Baath party was led by Alawites.^[3] The Iraqi Baath Party supported the Muslim Brotherhood in their revolt against the Syrian Baath.^[4]

References

^ Batatu, Hanna (1999). Syria's Peasantry, the Descendants of Its Lesser Rural Notables, and Their Politics. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00254-1.
^ Ehteshami, A. Hinnebusch, Anoushiravan, Raymond (2002). Syria and Iran: Middle Powers in a Penetrated Regional System. New York, USA. ISBN 0-415-15675-0. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Nasr, Vali, The Shia Revival (Norton), 2006, p.154
^ "The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood". Cablegate. 26 February 1985. Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2013.

[Batatu_1999_2832-1] Batatu, Hanna (1999). Syria's Peasantry, the Descendants of Its Lesser Rural Notables, and Their Politics. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00254-1.

[2] Ehteshami, A. Hinnebusch, Anoushiravan, Raymond (2002). Syria and Iran: Middle Powers in a Penetrated Regional System. New York, USA. ISBN 0-415-15675-0. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Nasr,_revival,1542-3] Nasr, Vali, The Shia Revival (Norton), 2006, p.154

[The_Syrian_Muslim_Brotherhood2-4] "The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood". Cablegate. 26 February 1985. Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2013.

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