The Holy Cross Exaltation Monastery (Russian: Крестовоздвиженский монастырь) is a women's Orthodox monastery in the city of Kizlyar, the Republic of Dagestan. It was presumably founded in 1736 by Archimandrite Daniil as a men's monastery.[1]
Крестовоздвиженский монастырь | |
 | |
  Location within Russia | |
| Monastery information | |
|---|---|
| Order | Russian Orthodox Church |
| Denomination | Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Established | 1736 |
| Disestablished | c. 1918–2007 |
| Reestablished | May 5, 2007 |
| Diocese | Diocese of Makhachkala |
| People | |
| Founder(s) | Archimandrite Daniil |
| Important associated figures | Abbess Nina |
| Architecture | |
| Style | Russian Revival architecture |
| Site | |
| Location | Kizlyar, Dagestan |
| Country | Russia |
| Coordinates | 43°51′41″N 46°41′52″E / 43.86139°N 46.69778°E |
| Public access | Yes |
| Website | goragospodnya |
History
edit
In 1735, under the terms of the Treaty of Ganja between Russia and Iran, the Holy Cross Fortress on the Sulak River was abolished.[2][3][1] The garrison and administrative institutions of this fortress were transferred to the newly founded city of Kizlyar by General-in-Chief Levashov, Vasily Yakovlevich.[2][3]
Kizlyar had an important military and strategic position. The city was also the front line of the spread of Orthodoxy in the Caucasus. Taking this into account, Archbishop John of Manglia petitioned for the opening of a monastery at the Church of the Exaltation of the Cross.[2][3][1]
The first abbot of the monastery was Archimandrite Daniil, who came from a family of Georgian princes. He also brought the Georgian Icon of the Mother of God to the monastery.[3][1]
The monastery was subjected to several devastations by the highlanders. In 1744, the monastery burned down in a major fire.[3][1] The heyday of the monastery was in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Abbot Anthony brought order to the monastery. Numerous vineyards were planted, bringing income to the monastery.[3] In addition, the monastery owned 2,500 dessiatins of arable land, 4 shops that were rented out, and a summer house.
By the middle of the 19th century, the monastery had fallen into decline. The reason for this was the devastation of the monastery and Kizlyar on November 1, 1831, by the Chechens, led by Ghazi Muhammad, as well as the seizure of the monastery lands by the Cossacks.[3]
Life in the monastery began to revive again only in the 80s of the XIX century.[3] By this time, there were 13 monks and 15 novices in the monastery.[3] In 1904, the second temple of the Great Martyr George the Victorious was built in the monastery. But the murder of the abbot, Hieromonk Gelasius, in 1906 again led the entire economy into decline.[3]
In 1908, the Holy Synod issued a decree on the transformation of the monastery into a convent.[3][1] The first abbess of the convent was Abbess Nina.[3] Under her leadership, the monastery was revived.[3] Already in 1911, 5 mantle nuns and 70 novices, including 14 cassock nuns, lived there.[3] A farmstead was built in Port-Petrovsk.[3]
Soviet Union Period
editIn 1918, the new revolutionary government organized a robbery in the monastery.[4][3] Several sisters were killed for resisting. With the occupation of the city by the Volunteer Army, an investigation was conducted, and the criminals were punished. With the restoration of Soviet power, the abbess of the monastery, Abbess Antonina, with several nuns went to the mountains and founded a new monastery there.[5][4] But the punishment of the criminals was regarded as a reprisal against revolutionaries. On this basis, a search was announced for the nuns. The new monastery was discovered by the secret services, and all the nuns, led by Abbess Antonina, were shot.[5][4][3]
According to some reports, Abbess Antonina managed to escape arrest, for several years she hid in Vladikavkaz, then worked in a hotel in Rostov-on-Don. She was arrested again in 1925 or 1926, after which information about her was lost.[6]
The monastery was closed. Its churches at various times housed the revolutionary committee, a warehouse, and a store.[3]
At present, most of the buildings have not survived; one of the former monastery buildings houses a tuberculosis dispensary.[3]
Revival
editOn May 5, 2007, the consecration of the revived Holy Cross Exaltation Monastery took place.[3] A chapel in the Old Russian cemetery of Kizlyar was given over to the monastery.[5][1] The task of restoring the monastery was entrusted to Abbess Mikhaila (Safonova), who arrived in Kizlyar from the Holy Kazan Convent in Yaroslavl with two nuns.[5] At present, 9 nuns already live in the monastery.[4] The cell and abbess buildings are being built. The chapel and the altar section have been restored. There is a project to build the monastery's own church.[5]
Abbots
edit- Archimandrite Daniil (1736-?)
- Ieronim (1761-?)[7]
- Hegumen Anthony (?)
- Archpriest Dimitry (Gremyachensky)[8]
- Archimandrite Samuel (1870–1870)[9]
- Hegumen Nathanael (1883-?)[10]
- Hegumen Innocent (1883-?)[11]
- Acting Rector Hieromonk Vlasiy (?-1884)[12]
- Archimandrite Alexy (1884–1887)[13]
- Archpriest? Nobiletov (1887–1897)
- Archimandrite Philophy (Stashevsky) (1897–1900)
- Hieromonk Gelasius (1901–1906)
- Abbess Nina (1908–1913)
- Abbess Antonina (1913–1918)
- Abbess Mikhaila (Safonova) (2007–2009)
- Nun Antonina (Pavlova) (2009–present)
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g "Крестовоздвиженский монастырь в Кизляре". dzen.ru. 2023-08-20.
- ^ a b c "Крестовоздвиженский женский монастырь в г. Кизляр / Монастырский вестник". monasterium.ru.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Кизляр, Кизлярский Крестовоздвиженский монастырь". sobory.ru.
- ^ a b c d "Ãàçåòà Ýñêîì - ÂÅÐÀ 8".
- ^ a b c d e "В Крестовоздвиженский женский монастырь в Кизляре (Дагестан) доставлены мощи 49 святых / Новости / Патриархия.ru". Патриархия.ru.
- ^ "Игуменья Антонина, настоятельница Кизляровского Монастыря на Кавказе". March 5, 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-03-05.
- ^ "РБС/ВТ/Иероним (архимандрит Спасо-Преображенского астраханского монастыря) — Викитека". ru.wikisource.org.
- ^ Командирован в монастырь в 1863 году для прекращения возникших беспорядков и временного управления до назначения нового настоятеля (до 9 августа 1863 года) «Кавказские епархиальные ведомости», № 14 1882 год.
- ^ "Кавказские епархиальные ведомости", № 8 1883 г.
- ^ "Кавказские епархиальные ведомости", № 5 1884 г.
- ^ "Кавказские епархиальные ведомости", № 2 1884 г.
- ^ исправляющий должность
- ^ "Кавказские епархиальные ведомости", № 20 1884
