Pilea, with 600–715 species, is the largest genus of flowering plants in the nettle family Urticaceae.

Pilea
Diversity of the genus Pilea
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Urticaceae
Tribe: Elatostemateae
Genus: Pilea
Lindl. (1821)
Species[1]

606; see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Adicea Raf. (1824)
  • Adike Raf. (1836)
  • Chamaecnide Nees & Mart. ex Miq. (1853)
  • Dubrueilia Gaudich. (1830)
  • Haroldiella J.Florence (1997)
  • Neopilea Leandri (1950)
  • Sarcopilea Urb. (1912)
  • Therebina Noronha (1790), nom. nud.

It is distributed throughout the tropics, subtropics, and warm temperate regions (with the exception of Australia and New Zealand).

Description

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The majority of species are shade-loving herbaceous plants or shrubs, which are easily distinguished from other Urticaceae by the combination of opposite leaves (with rare exceptions) with a single ligulate intrapetiolar stipule in each leaf axil and cymose or paniculate inflorescences (again with rare exceptions).

Uses

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Pilea is of little economic importance; one species is used in Chinese traditional medicine (P. plataniflora).[citation needed]

Horticulture

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Six species have horticultural value (P. cadierei, P. grandifolia, P. involucrata, P. microphylla, P. nummulariifolia, and P. peperomioides),[2] Some pileas are grown for their ornamental foliage which is shaped like lily-pads.[3]

The ASPCA includes many pilea species in the list of plants that are non-toxic to pets.[4]

Systematics

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The genus has attracted little monographic attention since Weddell (1869), and the majority of taxonomic contributions have come from floristic treatments. To date, 787 species names have been published (International Plant Names Index, 2003) and estimates for the species number range from 250 to 1000.[5] Based on previous floristic treatments, about 30% of the species from regions not yet covered by contemporary floristic treatments may be undescribed.

The genus name Pilea is Latin for "felt cap", a reference to the calyx covering the achene.[6]

Selected species

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Fossil record

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The fossil species †Pilea cantalensis was widely distributed in Europe and West Siberia during the Miocene and Pliocene. It is related to the East Asian Pilea mongolica and to the North American Pilea pumila.[7]

References

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  1. ^ a b Pilea Lindl. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  2. ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  3. ^ Peerless, Veronica (2017). How Not to Kill Your Houseplant. DK Penguin Random House. pp. 108–109.
  4. ^ "Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant List - Cats". Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  5. ^ (C. D. Adams, BM, personal communication).
  6. ^ "Pilea in Flora of North America @". Efloras.org. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  7. ^ Łańcucka-Środoniowa M.: Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) [Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z miocenu słodkowodnego Kotliny Sądeckiej (Karpaty Zachodnie, Polska)]. Acta Palaeobotanica 1979 20 (1): 3-117.

Further reading

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  Data related to Pilea at Wikispecies