The Boeing 376 (sometimes referred to as the BSS-376, and previously as the HS-376) is a communications satellite bus introduced in 1978 by Hughes Space and Communications Company. It was a spin-stabilized bus, a successor to Hughes HS-333.[1][2]
| Manufacturer | Boeing Satellite Development Center | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country of origin | United States | ||
| Applications | Communications satellite | ||
| Specifications | |||
| Spacecraft type | Spin-stabilized | ||
| Power | 800 to 2,000 Watts | ||
| Production | |||
| Status | Retired | ||
| On order | 58 | ||
| Built | 58 | ||
| Launched | 58 | ||
| Maiden launch | Anik C1 April 12, 1985 | ||
| Last launch | eBird 1 September 27, 2003 | ||
| Related spacecraft | |||
| Derived from | HS-333 | ||
| Derivatives | HS-393 | ||
| |||
Design
editThe satellite bus was designed and manufactured by Hughes. This spin-stabilized platform had two main sections. The spinning section was kept rotating at 50 rpm to maintain attitude, and a despun section was used by the payload to maintain radio coverage.[3][4]
The spinning section included the apogee kick motor, most of the attitude control, the power subsystem and the command and telemetry subsystems. The despun section contained the communications payload, including the antennas and transponders.[3][4]
The stock version had a launch mass of 1,100 to 1,450 kg (2,430 to 3,200 lb), a mass of 540 to 790 kg (1,190 to 1,740 lb) after reaching geostationary orbit and an 8 to 10-year design life. When stowed for launch, its dimensions were 2.8 to 3.15 m (9 ft 2 in to 10 ft 4 in) in height and 2.16 m (7 ft 1 in) in diameter. With its solar panels fully extended its height was 6.6 to 8 m (22 to 26 ft).[5][6][4]
Its power system generated approximately 1,100 to 1,200 watts of power at beginning of life, thanks to two cylindrical solar panels. The bottom panel was retracted around the body and top panel for launch, and extended downwards for operation. It also had two NiCd batteries for solar eclipses.[5][6][4]
Versions
editThere were four variations of this platform:
- HS-376: The original version of the platform was launched in 1977. It had a mass between 1.1 to 1.45 t (1.21 to 1.60 tons).[2]
- HS-376L: The Longer life version of the platform was launched in 1991. It had reduced power of 700 Watts and reduced electronics weight, which allowed for increased station keeping propellant supply. This lengthened the design life to 13.5 years.[2][7][5]
- HS-376HP: A Higher Power version of the platform was launched in 1995. It had a mass between 1.45 to 1.55 t (1.60 to 1.71 tons).[2]
- HS-376W: The Wide version of the platform was launched in 1990. It was wider, more powerful and modernized electronics. It was a joint development with INPE. It had a diameter of 3.43 m (11.3 ft) and more power.[2][8][9]
Satellites
editThe HS-376 was a very successful satellite platform with 58 satellites ordered, built and launched. It was also the first satellite to launch from the Space Shuttle.[2]
| Satellite | Other names | Operator | Model | Ordered | Launch | Launch vehicle | Launch result | Mass (kg) at... | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Launch | BOL | |||||||||
| SBS 1 | HS-376 | 1977 | 1980-11-15 | Delta-3910/PAM-D | Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | ||
| SBS 2 | HS-376 | 1977 | 1981-09-24 | Delta-3910/PAM-D | Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | ||
| Westar 4 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1982-02-26 | Delta-3910/PAM-D | Success | 1100 | 582 | |||
| Westar 5 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1982-06-09 | Delta-3910/PAM-D | Success | 1100 | 582 | |||
| Anik D1 | HS-376 | 1982-08-26 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 634 | ||||
| Anik C3 | HS-376 | 1978 | 1982-11-11 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 563 | |||
| SBS 3 | HS-376 | 1981 | 1982-11-11 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | ||
| Anik C2 | Nahuel I2 | HS-376 | 1978 | 1983-06-18 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 563 | ||
| Palapa B1 | Palapa Pacific 1 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1983-06-18 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1200 | 692 | [4][11] | |
| Galaxy 1 | HS-376 | 1983-06-28 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Success | 1200 | 709 | ||||
| Telstar 301 | Arabsat-1E | HS-376 | 1980 | 1983-07-28 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 653 | ||
| Galaxy 2 | HS-376 | 1983-09-22 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Success | 1200 | 709 | ||||
| Palapa B2 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1984-02-03 | Shuttle/PAM-D | PAM ignition failed, satellite recovered | 1200 | 692 | Launched along Westar 6. PAM-D failed to ignite, Shuttle recovered the satellite. Was relaunched as Palapa B2R.[4][11] | ||
| Westar 6 | HS-376 | 1984-02-03 | Shuttle/PAM-D | PAM ignition failed, satellite recovered | 1244 | 582 | Launched along Palapa B2. PAM-D failed to ignite, Shuttle recovered the satellite. Was relaunched as AsiaSat 1. | |||
| SBS 4 | HGS 5 | HS-376 | 1983 | 1984-08-30 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | |
| Telstar 302 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1984-08-30 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 653 | |||
| Galaxy 3 | HS-376 | 1984-09-21 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Success | 1200 | 709 | ||||
| Anik D2 | Satcom 4R Arabsat 1D |
HS-376 | 1984-11-08 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 634 | |||
| Brasilsat-A1 | SBTS 1 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-02-08 | Ariane 3 | Success | 1195 | — | ||
| Anik C1 | Nahuel I1 Brasil 1T |
HS-376 | 1978 | 1985-04-12 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 563 | ||
| Morelos 1 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-06-17 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 647 | |||
| Telstar 303 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1985-06-17 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 653 | |||
| Aussat A1 | Optus A1 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-08-27 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1250 | 654 | ||
| Aussat A2 | Optus A2 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-11-27 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1250 | 654 | ||
| Morelos 2 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-11-27 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 647 | |||
| Brasilsat-A2 | SBTS 2 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1986-03-28 | Ariane 3 | Success | 1195 | — | ||
| Palapa B2P | Palapa B3 Agila 1 |
HS-376 | 1984 | 1987-03-20 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Success | 1200 | 692 | [4][11] | |
| Aussat A3 | Optus A3 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1987-09-16 | Ariane 3 | Success | 1250 | 696 | ||
| SBS 5 | HS-376 | 1983 | 1988-09-08 | Ariane 3 | Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | ||
| Marcopolo 1 | Sirius 1 Sirius W |
HS-376 | 1987 | 1989-08-27 | Delta-4925 | Success | 1250 | 660 | ||
| AsiaSat 1 | HS-376 | 1990-04-07 | Long March 3 | Success | 1244 | 582 | Was Westar 6, but the launch on Space Shuttle failed. It was recovered and launched again as AsiaSat 1. | |||
| Palapa B2R | NewSat 1 | HS-376 | 1990-04-13 | Delta-6925-8 | Success | 1200 | 692 | Was Palapa B2, but the launch on Space Shuttle failed. It was recovered and launched again as Palapa B2R.[4][11] | ||
| Marcopolo 2 | Thor 1 | HS-376 | 1987 | 1990-08-18 | Delta-6925-8 | Success | 1250 | 662 | ||
| Prowler | HS-376 | 1990-11-15 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | — | — | ||||
| Galaxy 5 | HS-376 | 1989 | 1992-03-14 | Atlas I | Success | 1390 | 788 | |||
| Palapa B4 | HS-376 | 1992-05-14 | Delta-7925-8 | Success | 1200 | 692 | [4] | |||
| Galaxy 1R | HS-376 | 1989 | 1992-08-22 | Atlas I | Failure | 1390 | 788 | Launch failure | ||
| Galaxy 6 | Westar 6S | HS-376 | 1983 | 1992-10-12 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1390 | 709 | ||
| Thaicom 1 | Thaicom 1A | HS-376L | 1991 | 1993-12-18 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1080 | 629 | [5] | |
| Galaxy 1R2 | HS-376 | 1992 | 1994-02-19 | Delta-7925-8 | Success | 1390 | 788 | |||
| APSTAR-1 | ZX-5E | HS-376 | 1992 | 1994-07-21 | Long March 3 | Success | 1400 | 726 | ||
| Brasilsat B1 | HS-376W | 1990 | 1994-08-10 | Ariane-44LP | Success | 1757 | 1052 | [8][9] | ||
| Thaicom 2 | HS-376L | 1991 | 1994-10-07 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1080 | 629 | [5] | ||
| Brasilsat B2 | HS-376W | 1990 | 1995-03-28 | Ariane-44LP | Success | 1757 | 1052 | [8][9] | ||
| MEASAT-1 | AFRICASAT-1 | HS-376 | 1994 | 1996-01-12 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1450 | 886 | ||
| Galaxy 9 | HS-376 | 1995 | 1996-05-24 | Delta-7925 | Success | 1390 | 788 | |||
| APSTAR-1A | ZX-5D | HS-376 | 1995 | 1996-07-03 | Long March 3 | Success | 1400 | 726 | ||
| ZX 7 | Chinasat-7 HGS 2 |
HS-376 | 1995 | 1996-08-18 | Long March 3 | Failure | 1384 | 734 | Launch failure | |
| MEASAT-2 | AFRICASAT-2 | HS-376 | 1994 | 1996-11-13 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1450 | 886 | ||
| BSAT-1a | HS-376 | 1993 | 1997-04-16 | Ariane-44LP | Success | 1236 | 723 | [3] | ||
| Thor 2 | HS-376HP | 1995 | 1997-05-20 | Delta-7925 | Success | 1467 | 853 | |||
| Brasilsat B3 | HS-376W | 1995 | 1998-02-04 | Ariane-44LP | Success | 1757 | 1052 | [8][9] | ||
| BSAT-1b | HS-376 | 1993 | 1998-04-28 | Ariane-44P | Success | 1236 | 723 | [3] | ||
| Thor 3 | HS-376HP | 1997 | 1998-06-10 | Delta-7925 | Success | 1451 | 853 | |||
| Sirius 3 | HS-376HP | 1997 | 1998-10-05 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1465 | 815 | |||
| Bonum 1 | HS-376HP | 1997 | 1998-11-22 | Delta-7925 | Success | 1425 | 793 | |||
| Brasilsat B4 | HS-376W | 1998 | 2000-08-17 | Ariane-44LP | Success | 1757 | 1052 | [8][9] | ||
| Astra 2D | HS-376HP | 1999 | 2000-12-20 | Ariane 5G | Success | 1445 | 824 | |||
| Astra 3A | HS-376HP | 2000 | 2002-03-29 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1514 | 908 | |||
| eBird 1 | Eurobird 3 Eutelsat 33A Eutelsat 31A |
HS-376HP | 2000 | 2003-09-27 | Ariane 5G | Success | 1530 | 895 | ||
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Boeing 376". Boeing Satellite Development Center. Archived from the original on 2010-03-05. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c d e f Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "Hughes / Boeing: HS-376 / BSS-376". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
- ^ a b c d "BSAT-1". Boeing Satellite Development Center. Archived from the original on 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i "Palapa-B". Boeing Satellite Development Center. Archived from the original on 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c d e "THAICOM". Boeing Satellite Development Center. Archived from the original on 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c d e f g "SBS". Boeing Satellite Development Center. Archived from the original on 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-08-08). "Thaicom 1, 2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
- ^ a b c d e "Brasilsat B". Boeing Satellite Development Center. Archived from the original on 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c d e Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "Brasilsat B 1, 2, 3, 4". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
- ^ a b c d e Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "SBS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 / HGS 5". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
- ^ a b c d Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "Palapa B1, B2, B2P, B2R, B4 / Palapa Pacific / Agila 1 / NewSat 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-08-18.