HMS Mantua was a 20th-century ocean liner and armed merchant cruiser. Launched in 1909 as a passenger ship, Mantua was outfitted as an armed merchant cruiser in 1914 and served with the Royal Navy during World War I.[1] On a voyage to Freetown in 1918, the passengers and crew of Mantua inadvertently spread the 1918 flu pandemic to Africa.[2][3][4]
 HMS Mantua under way
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | Mantua |
| Owner | Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Company |
| Builder | Caird & Company |
| Yard number | 316 |
| Launched | 10 February 1909 |
| Completed | 15 April 1909 |
| In service | 1914 |
| Out of service | 1920 |
| Refit | 1914 |
| Fate | Scrapped in 1935 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Armed merchant cruiser |
| Tonnage | 10,885 grt |
| Length | 540 feet (165 metres) |
| Beam | 61.3 feet |
| Depth | 24.6 feet |
| Propulsion | 2 x 4 cylinder screws 2 sails |
| Speed | 18 knots (33 km/h) |
| Crew | 364 |
| Armament | 8 x 4.7 inch (120 mm) guns 2x 6 pounder (57 mm) guns |
History edit
Mantua was launched as a commercial merchant liner in 1909 for the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O)[5] as part of the ten ship M-class.[6] In her civilian career, the ship was used to transport passengers and mail to India and China. Following the outbreak of the First World War, Mantua was commissioned into the Royal Navy in August 1914 as HMS Mantua. She was attached to the 10th Cruiser Squadron and was tasked with patrolling the waters between Britain and Iceland. In October 1916 she was transferred into the 9th Cruiser Squadron. During one of her patrols in the North Sea, the ship reportedly hit a submerged object, an occurrence that has led to some sources suspecting that Mantua caused the loss of the German merchant submarine Bremen, an event for which Mantua did not take credit.[7] In 1918 Mantua sailed to Freetown, Sierra Leone, arriving on 15 August. As some of her passengers and crew were ill with influenza, HMS Mantua is considered one of the first ships to have spread the ongoing pandemic to the African continent.[2][3]
Postwar service edit
While six of her classmates were lost during the war,[6] the Mantua returned to civilian service in 1920, again filling the role of a passenger ship. Mantua was scrapped in Shanghai in 1935.[8]
References edit
- ^ "HMS Mantua, armed merchant cruiser – British warships of World War 1". www.naval-history.net. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
- ^ a b Barry, John M. (2005). The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Deadliest Plague in History. Penguin. p. 182. ISBN 9780143036494.
- ^ a b Goldsmith, Connie (1 August 2010). Influenza. Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 9780761363767.
- ^ Crosby, Alfred W. (21 July 2003). America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521541756.
- ^ "Screw Steamer MANTUA built by Caird & Company in 1909 for Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Company, Greenock, Passenger / Cargo". www.clydeships.co.uk. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
- ^ a b Watson, Brian. "Introduction to the P&O 'M Class' Passenger ships". Benjidog Historical Research Resources. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
- ^
- Gibson, R.H.; Maurice Prendergast (2002). The German Submarine War 1914-1918. Periscope Publishing Ltd. p. 103. ISBN 1-904381-08-1.
- Compton-Hall, Richard (2004). Submarines at War 1914-1918. Periscope Publishing Ltd. p. 258. ISBN 9781904381211.
- "Bremen (German Submarine) – Maiden Voyage And Disappearance". science-train.com. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
- ^ The National Archives. "The Discovery Service". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
Bibliography edit
- Osborne, Richard; Spong, Harry & Grover, Tom (2007). Armed Merchant Cruisers 1878–1945. Windsor, UK: World Warship Society. ISBN 978-0-9543310-8-5.