Guanylate cyclase 2C

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Guanylate cyclase 2C, also known as guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), intestinal guanylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase-C receptor, or the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor (hSTAR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GUCY2C gene.[5][6]

GUCY2C
Identifiers
AliasesGUCY2C, DIAR6, GUC2C, MECIL, MUCIL, STAR, guanylate cyclase 2C, GC-C
External IDsOMIM: 601330; MGI: 106903; HomoloGene: 3641; GeneCards: GUCY2C; OMA:GUCY2C - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_004963

NM_001127318
NM_145067

RefSeq (protein)

NP_004954

NP_001120790
NP_659504

Location (UCSC)Chr 12: 14.61 – 14.7 MbChr 6: 136.67 – 136.76 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Guanylyl cyclase is an enzyme found in the luminal aspect of intestinal epithelium and dopamine neurons in the brain.[7] The receptor has an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane region, a region with sequence similar to that of protein kinases, and a C-terminal guanylate cyclase domain. Tyrosine kinase activity mediates the GC-C signaling pathway within the cell.

Functions

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GC-C is a key receptor for heat-stable enterotoxins that are responsible for acute secretory diarrhea.[8] Heat-stable enterotoxins are produced by pathogens such as Escherichia coli. Knockout mice deficient in the GC-C gene do not show secretory diarrhea on infection with E. coli, though they do with cholera toxin. This demonstrates the specificity of the GC-C receptor.

In medicine

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Guanylate cyclase 2C is the target of linaclotide and plecanatide, oligopeptide agonists used for the treatment of chronic constipation.

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000070019Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000042638Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ "Entrez Gene: guanylate cyclase 2C (heat stable enterotoxin receptor)".
  6. ^ Mann EA, Swenson ES, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Taguchi T, Testa JR, Giannella RA (June 1996). "Localization of the guanylyl cyclase C gene to mouse chromosome 6 and human chromosome 12p12". Genomics. 34 (2): 265–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0284. PMID 8661067.
  7. ^ Intestinal Protein May Have Role in ADHD, Other Neurological Disorders. ScienceDaily (Aug. 11, 2011) [1]
  8. ^ Weiglmeier PR, Rösch P, Berkner H (August 2010). "Cure and Curse: E. coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin and Its Receptor Guanylyl Cyclase C". Toxins. 2 (9): 2213–2229. doi:10.3390/toxins2092213. PMC 3153297. PMID 22069681.

Further reading

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