Grevillea heliosperma, commonly known as rock grevillea,[3] is a shrub native to northern Australia, generally growing around 3 to 5 m (9.8 to 16.4 ft) tall, rarely to 8 m (26 ft). It has red flowers.
| Grevillea heliosperma | |
|---|---|
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| In Brisbane Botanic Gardens | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Proteales |
| Family: | Proteaceae |
| Genus: | Grevillea |
| Species: | G. heliosperma
|
| Binomial name | |
| Grevillea heliosperma | |
Description edit
Grevillea heliosperma grows as a shrub to 3–5 m (9.8–16.4 ft) high,sometimes reaching 8 m (26 ft). The rough bark is grey to black. The deeply lobed leaves are anywhere from 15–40 cm (5.9–15.7 in) long, with individual lobes or pinnae 5–15 cm long by 0.-3 cm wide. The compound flower heads, known as inflorescences, appear from May or June to September, and are borne terminally. The flowers are arranged in sometimes-branched racemes, the end rachis 60–160 mm (2.4–6.3 in) long, and are red to deep pink. Each flower is on a pedicel 5–12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) long and the pistil is 34–46.5 mm (1.34–1.83 in) long. Flowers are followed by glabrous, thick-walled, more or less spherical follicles 18.5–35 mm (0.73–1.38 in) long, each containing two seeds.[3][4][5][6]
Grevillea heliosperma resembles G. decurrens, which has pink flowers and is found in more gravelly soils.[5] The two are closely related and have been considered conspecific, and there are populations with some intermediate characteristics.[6]
Taxonomy and naming edit
Grevillea heliosperma was described in 1810 by Robert Brown in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London from material collected near the northern coastline of Australia.[7][8] Its species name is derived from helios "sun" and sperma "seed" and relates to the shape of the seed surrounded by a winglike membrane.[4]
A local name from the indigenous people of Groote Eylandt in their Enindilyakwa language is yinumamurarra.[9]
Distribution and habitat edit
Rock grevillea grows in open forest or woodland, often in rocky habitats and sometimes on the edge of vine forest. It is found in the northern tropics of Australia, in the northern and central Kimberley regions of Western Australia, on the Barkly Tableland and Top End including off-shore islands of the Northern Territory, and the western gulf of north Queensland.[3][6]
Uses and cultivation edit
When grown on its own roots, Grevillea heliosperma prefers a slightly acid soil and climate with predominantly summer rainfall.[4]
Grevillea heliosperma has been successfully grafted onto Grevillea robusta.[4] Local indigenous people ate the seeds raw and drank the nectar. Crushed leaves and bark could be made into a mixture to wash sores with.[5]
Conservation status edit
Grevillea heliosperma is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is very common and widespread and does not face any major threats, either currently or in the near future.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b Keighery, G.; Olde, P.; Forster, P. (2020). "Grevillea heliosperma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T113020121A113308081. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T113020121A113308081.en. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ "Grevillea heliosperma". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ a b c "Grevillea heliosperma". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). Retrieved 3 March 2021.
- ^ a b c d Walters, Brian (November 2007). "Grevillea heliosperma". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) website. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ a b c Brock, John (2001) [1988]. Native plants of northern Australia. Frenchs Forest, New South Wales: New Holland Press. p. 203. ISBN 1-876334-67-3.
- ^ a b c "Grevillea heliosperma". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ "Grevillea heliosperma". APNI. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
- ^ Brown, Robert (1810). "On the Natural Order of Plants Called Proteaceae". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 10 (1): 176.
- ^ Specht, Raymond (2006). "Aboriginal Plant Names in Northeastern Arnhem Land: Groote Eylandt - Enindilyakwa Language; Yirrkala - Rirratjingu Language". Australian Aboriginal Studies (1): 63–67. ISSN 0729-4352.