Wikipedia

Greek war crimes

Greek war crimes was a crimes against the laws of war did by Greeks.

13 year old Hayriye, which got wounded by Greek Army during Greek occupation of Anatolia.

Greek War of Independence

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The Turkish and Albanian population living in the Peloponnese were massacred, especially in areas dominated by Greek soldiers.[1][2] Turkish and Albanian communities in the Peloponnese disappeared. Historians state that a total of more than 20,000 Muslims were killed on the peninsula during this period, often with the advice of priests in the region; Some historians estimate this number as 15,000; But there are estimates that 35,000 people were killed in the Tripolitsa Massacre alone.[1] Russian soldiers and Greeks killed 400 Turks in the city of Mistras in 1770.[1] Turkish children were taken to the minarets and thrown down from there. According to the records kept by William Ogden Niles during these rebellions, the Turkish population of the city of Patras was completely killed, except for a small minority. In August 1821, the Turkish inhabitants of the town of Monemvasia, faced with starvation as a result of the long siege, attempted to eat the corpses, while the Greeks killed sixty men and women captured at sea outside the town's walls.[1] Then the Greeks said they would take the Turks to Anatolia and the doors were opened; but the Greeks plundered the town and killed many Turks. Later, they put about five hundred Turks from the town on a ship and left them on a deserted island off the coast of Anatolia, where the survivors of the Turks who faced starvation were rescued by a French merchant.[2]

According to William st. Clair, "the genocide in the Morea ended only when there were no more Turks left to kill".[1][2]

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Greek rebels massacring civilian Turks in Navarino.

Navarino massacre occured during March-19 August 1821. Nearly 3000 civilian Turk massacred in here.[3] George Finlay about the Navarino Massacre:

"Women, wounded with musketballs and sabre-cuts, rushed to the sea, seeking to escape, and were deliberately shot. Mothers robbed of their clothes, with infants in their arms plunged into the sea to conceal themselves from shame, and they were them made a mark for inhuman riflemen. Greeks seized infants from their mother's breasts and dashed them against rocks. Children, three and four years old, were hurled living into the sea and left to drown. When the massacre was ended, the dead bodies washed ashore, or piled on the beach, threatened to cause a pestilence..."[4]

Tripolitsa Massacre

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During the Tripolitsa Massacre, nearly 5,000-35,000 Turk got massacred by Greek rebels.[5][6][7][8][9] Kolokotronis says in his memoirs:[10]

Inside the town they had begun to massacre. ... I rushed to the place ... If you wish to hurt these Albanians, I cried, "kill me rather; for, while I am a living man, whoever first makes the attempt, him will I kill the first." ... I was faithful to my word of honor ... Tripolitsa was three miles in circumference. The [Greek] host which entered it, cut down and were slaying men, women, and children from Friday till Sunday. Thirty-two thousand were reported to have been slain. One Hydriote [boasted that he had] killed ninety. About a hundred Greeks were killed; but the end came [thus]: a proclamation was issued that the slaughter must cease. ... When I entered Tripolitsa, they showed me a plane tree in the market-place where the Greeks had always been hanged. I sighed. "Alas!" I said, "how many of my own clan – of my own race – have been hanged there!" And I ordered it to be cut down. I felt some consolation then from the slaughter of the Turks. ... [Before the fall] we had formed a plan of proposing to the Turks that they should deliver Tripolitsa into our hands, and that we should, in that case, send persons into it to gather the spoils together, which were then to be apportioned and divided among the different districts for the benefit of the nation; but who would listen?

The massacre at Tripolitsa was the final and largest in a sequence of massacres against Muslims in the Peloponnese during the first months of the revolt. Historians estimate that upwards of twenty thousand Muslim men, women and children were killed during this time, often with the exhortation of the local clergy.[11][12][13]

Turkish War of Independence

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With the Greek occupation, which started on May 15, 1919, massacres, ethnic cleansing and plunder against Turks and Muslims began. These massacres continued until the last day of the occupation. Greece followed a policy of burning and destruction, especially when it retreated from Anatolia.[14] By the end of the occupation, 640,000 civilians were massacred by the Greek Army on the Western Front alone.[15]

Yalova Massacre

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In May 1921, Greek Army soldiers systematically murdered thousands of civilians[16] and burned 27 villages.[17] According to Maurice Gehri, the head of the delegation that examined the massacre, approximately 6,000 people were murdered, and according to Ottoman sources, approximately 9,100 people were murdered.[18]

The delegation chaired by Maurice Gehri came to the following conclusion after necessary investigations:[19]

A clear and orderly method of destruction of villages appears to have been followed, group after group, over the last two months... There is a systematic plan to destroy Turkish villages and the Muslim population. "This plan is carried out by Greek and Armenian gangs, under Greek instructions, and sometimes even with the help of regular (Greek) troops.

 
A wounded and cut off hand 9 year old child Durmuş during the Yalova Peninsula massacres.

Menemen Massacre

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It is the ethnic cleansing and massacre committed by the Greek Armed Forces soldiers against the Turks in the Menemen village of Izmir on June 17, 1919.[20] According to French officers, at least 200 Turks were killed and more than 200 were injured in the massacre.[21] In the words of Admiral John de Robeck, Izmir has become a slaughterhouse.[22]

When the Greek Army occupied Izmir, Chrysostomos Kalafatis made the following speech to the Greek soldiers:[23]

My soldier children, children of Hellens (Greeks), today you are showing the greatest miracle of Jesus by reconquering the lands of our ancestors. The more Turkish blood you shed and drink for this cause, the more reward you will receive. By drinking a glass of Turkish blood, I will appease my grudge and hatred towards them. Come on, all the saints will be behind you. The land of your ancestors awaits you!

Izmit Massacres

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In the massacre that took place on June 24, 1921, the city was looted, burned and Turks were massacred. According to British journalist Arnold Joseph Toynbee's estimate, more than 300 Turkish civilians were killed that day. Arnold Joseph Toynbee On 29 June 1921, the British parliament debated Greek withdrawal and possible persecution.[24]

Arnold Joseph Toynbee, about the massacre:[25]

In June 1921, my wife and I witnessed unprovoked arson by uniformed Greek troops on the southern shores of the Gulf of Izmit.

Karatepe Massacre

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It is the massacre which mosques got burnt that took place in Karatepe village of Aydın on 19 February 1922.[26] When the people of the village took shelter in mosques out of fear, Greek soldiers massacred almost the entire population, including pregnant women, babies, children and the elderly.[27] According to some sources, 200[28][29] or more civilians lost their lives in the massacre, and according to some sources, 385[30] civilians lost their lives.


Alaşehir Massacre

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In the Fire of Alaşehir, 2,400 people were burned and 600 people died by being shot or bayoneted by Greek soldiers. The population of Alaşehir, which had a population of 38,000 before the Greek occupation, was only 5,000-6,000 when it was liberated by the Turkish army on September 5, 1922.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Phillips, W. Alison (Walter Alison) (1897). The war of Greek independence, 1821 to 1833. New York Public Library. New York : C. Scribner's Sons.
  2. ^ a b c St. Clair, William. "That Greece might still be free; the Philhellenes in the War of Independence". London, New York, Oxford University Press. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |datr= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |with= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Durukoğlu, Salim; Salik, Selim (2015). "TÜRKLERİN UĞRADIĞI İŞKENCE, SÜRGÜN, KATLİAM VE SOYKIRIMLAR SÖZLÜĞÜ". AKRA Kültür Sanat ve Edebiyat Dergisi (in Turkish). 3 (7): 211–258. doi:https://doi.org/10.31126/akrajournal.328544. Retrieved 10 July 2024. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help); External link in |doi= (help)
  4. ^ Finlay, p. 263
  5. ^ Cited by Hercules Millas, « History Textbooks in Greece and Turkey », History Workshop, n°31, 1991.
  6. ^ W. Alison Phillips, The War of Greek Independence, 1821 to 1833, p. 61.
  7. ^ St. Clair, p. 43
  8. ^ Thomas Gamaliel Bradford, Encyclopedia Americana, Desilver, Thomas, & Co Encyclopedias and dictionaries, (1835), p. 20.
  9. ^ Thomas Curtis, The London encyclopaedia, or Universal Dictionary of Science, Art, Literature and Practical Mechanicsm, (1839) p. 646.
  10. ^ Kolokotronis (Edmonds) pp. 156–159.
  11. ^ William St. Clair (1972) p. 12
  12. ^ Finlay, p. 172
  13. ^ Phillips (1897), pp. 57–61
  14. ^ Fisher 1969, s. 386
  15. ^ McCarthy, Justin (1995). Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821-1922. Darwin Press. ISBN 9780878500949. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
  16. ^ Sevtap Demirci, İngiliz Yıllık Rapolarında Türkiye (1921), s.10.
  17. ^ Gingeras, Ryan (26 Feb 2009). Sorrowful Shores: Violence, Ethnicity, and the End of the Ottoman Empire 1912-1923. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-160979-4. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  18. ^ "Arşiv Belgelerine Göre Balkanlar'da ve Anadolu'da Yunan Mezâlimi 2". 2 December 2013. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2022. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  19. ^ Toynbee, Arnold J. (18 March 2014). "The Western Question in Greece and Turkey:A Study in the Contact of Civilizations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2022. The members of the Commission consider that, in the part of the kazas of Yalova and Guemlek occupied by the Greek army, there is a systematic plan of destruction of Turkish villages and extinction of the Moslem population. This plan is being carried out by Greek and Armenian bands, which appear to operate under Greek instructions and sometimes even with the assistance of detachments of regular troops
  20. ^ Erhan, Çağrı (1999). Greek Occupation of Izmir and Adjoining Territories: Report of the Inter-Allied Commission of Inquiry (May-September 1919). SAM. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  21. ^ Yalazan, Talat (1994). Türkiye'de Yunan vahşet ve soykırımı girişimi: (15 Mayıs 1919-9 Eylül 1922) (in Turkish). Genelkurmay Askerı̂ Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt Başkanlığı. ISBN 978-975-409-007-9. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  22. ^ Erol Ulubelen, İngiliz Gizli Belgelerinde Türkiye, p.193
  23. ^ Selahattin Tansel, Mondros'tan Mudanya'ya Kadar, p.196
  24. ^ "GREECE AND TURKEY. (Hansard, 29 June 1921)". hansard.millbanksystems.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  25. ^ Müderrisoğlu, Alptekin (2007). Sakarya: Yunan'ın Ankara'ya yaklaştığı günler (in Turkish). DenizBank. ISBN 978-9944-295-01-7. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  26. ^ Ford, Henry (1 July 2003). Dearborn Independent Magazine January 1927-May 1927. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7661-5993-8. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  27. ^ "..insanlarımız – hamile kadınlar, savunmasız çocuklar, masum bebekler, yaşlılarımız - vurulmuş, diri diri yakılmış, yol kenarlarında, orman içlerinde, ağaç diplerinde süngülenmiştir. İşkence ve katliam sabaha kadar devam etmiştir" Atça Örneği Ekseninde Lise Öğrencilerinin Hüzün Turizmi Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi Archived 2022-11-14 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ ". ..şehit edildiği kesin olarak belirlenemese de, resmi belgelere ve tanıkların anlatımlarına göre, hayatını kaybedenlerin sayısının 200’ün üzerinde olduğu saptanmıştır." Türklerin Uğradığı İşkence, Sürgün, Katliam ve Soykırımlar Sözlüğü Archived 2021-02-12 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ "Karatepe Şehitliği". www.kosk.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  30. ^ Turan, Mustafa (2006). Yunan mezalimi: İzmir, Aydın, Manisa, Denizli, 1919-1923 (in Turkish). Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi. ISBN 978-975-16-1850-4. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
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