The surname Gessen is a transliteration of the Russian spelling "Гессен" of the surname of Russified persons coming from the House of Hesse, including the last ruling Russian Empress Alix of Hesse: Russian: Виктория Алиса Елена Луиза Беатриса Гессен-Дармштадтская, German: Victoria Alix Helena Louise Beatrice von Hessen und bei Rhein.

The surname may refer to:

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