The Gesnerioideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Gesneriaceae: based on the type genus Gesneria. Although genera typically originate in the New World, some species have become widely distributed as ornamental plants.
| Gesnerioideae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Gesneria ventricosa | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Clade: | Lamiids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Gesneriaceae |
| Subfamily: | Gesnerioideae Burnett[1][2] |
Description edit
Gesnerioideae is one of two main subfamilies in the Gesneriaceae, the other being Didymocarpoideae. (The third subfamily, Sanangoideae, contains only the genus Sanango.) Gesnerioideae seedlings have normal cotyledons of the same size and shape (isocotylous), whereas the cotyledons of Didymocarpoideae are usually, but not always, eventually different in size and shape (anisocotylous). Gesnerioideae flowers usually have four fertile stamens, rarely two or five. In other respects, Gesnerioideae species are very variable. The ovary may be superior, semi-inferior or inferior, and the fruit takes various forms.[2]
Taxonomy edit
The original use of the name for the subfamily is attributed to Gilbert Thomas Burnett in 1835.[1][2] Burnett divided his circumscription of the family Gesneriaceae into "Besleridae" and "Gesneridae". The latter was distinguished by having an inferior or semi-inferior ovary and the calyx adhering to the gynoecium ("germen").[3] However, Burnett's circumscription of the family and subfamilies was very different to the modern conception. He placed the "Didymocarpidae" (a name which corresponds to the modern Didymocarpoideae), not in Gesneriaceae, but in Acanthaceae.[4] Since about 1997, phylogenetic studies, mostly based on molecular approaches, have resulted in major changes to the traditional taxonomy and classification of the family Gesneriaceae, at every level from genus upwards.[2]
Tribes and genera edit
A classification published in 2020 divides the subfamily into five tribes.[2]
- Tribe Titanotricheae
- Tribe Napeantheae
- Tribe Beslerieae
- Tribe Coronanthereae
- Asteranthera
- Coronanthera
- Depanthus
- Fieldia, including Lenbrassia
- Mitraria
- Negria
- Rhabdothamnus
- Sarmienta
- Tribe Gesnerieae
- Achimenes
- Alloplectus
- Alsobia
- Amalophyllon
- Bellonia
- Centrosolenia
- Chautemsia
- Christopheria
- Chrysothemis
- Cobananthus
- Codonanthe
- Codonanthopsis
- Columnea
- Corytoplectus
- Crantzia
- Cremersia
- Diastema
- Drymonia
- Episcia
- Eucodonia
- Gesneria
- Glossoloma
- Gloxinella
- Gloxinia
- Gloxiniopsis
- Goyazia
- Heppiella
- Kohleria
- Lampadaria
- Lembocarpus
- Lesia
- Mandirola
- Monopyle
- Moussonia
- Nautilocalyx
- Nematanthus
- Neomortonia
- Niphaea
- Nomopyle
- Oerstedina
- Pachycaulos
- Pagothyra
- Paliavana
- Paradrymonia
- Pearcea
- Pheidonocarpa
- Phinaea
- Rhoogeton
- Rhytidophyllum
- Rufodorsia
- Seemannia
- Sinningia
- Smithiantha
- Solenophora
- Sphaerorrhiza
- Trichodrymonia
- Vanhouttea
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Achimenes cettoana in cultivation -
Chrysothemis pulchella in cultivation -
Codonanthopsis macradenia in cultivation -
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Distribution edit
With the exception of the genus Titanotrichum, which is native to eastern Asia, all the species of the subfamily Gesnerioideae are native from Central and South America through the southwest Pacific to Australia.[2]
References edit
- ^ a b Reveal, James L. (2011) [onwards], "Gesnerioideae", Indices Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium, Plant Biology section, Cornell University, retrieved 2021-04-14
- ^ a b c d e f Weber, A.; Middleton, D.J.; Clark, J.L. & Möller, M. (2020), "Keys to the infrafamilial taxa and genera of Gesneriaceae", Rheedea, 30 (1): 5–47, doi:10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.02
- ^ Burnett, Gilbert T. (1835), Outlines of Botany, vol. II, London: John Churchill, OCLC 1017285083, retrieved 2021-04-14, pp. 959, 1095, 1108
- ^ Burnett (1835), pp. 963–964.
External links edit
Media related to Gesnerioideae at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Gesnerioideae at Wikispecies
