George Kenyon Holden, MLC (1808 – 16 April 1874) was an Australian Crown Prosecutor, banker and politician who served on the New South Wales Legislative Council. In correspondence with his associate John Stuart Mill, he was one of the first politicians in the world to propose proportional representation to parliament in 1861.[1]
George Kenyon Holden | |
|---|---|
| Member of Legislative Council of New South Wales | |
| In office 11 July 1843 – 20 June 1848 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 2 June 1808 Worcester, England |
| Died | 16 April 1874 (aged 65) Darlinghurst, Sydney |
| Citizenship |  Australia |
| Political party | Free Trade |
| Relatives | John Watt (son-in-law) |
Holden was a trustee of the New South Wales Savings Bank, a director of the Liverpool and London Fire and Life Insurance Company, the chairman of the National Schools Board, and president of the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts. He was also an active environmentalist as a founding member of the Acclimatisation Society of New South Wales.[2]
Family edit
He was born in Worcester, England to Adam Holden and Maria (née Gillam). His daughter Mary Jane married another New South Wales politician and businessman, John Brown Watt; their third son was Ernest Alexander Stuart Watt (1874-1954), whose daughter Susan Gai Watt married into the Street dynasty by wedding Sir Laurence Whistler Street. Holden died at Darlinghurst in 1874.[3]
In the Law edit
Holden studied law and became a solicitor, migrating to New South Wales in 1831. He was private secretary to Governor Sir Richard Bourke during his term (1831–37), and was also a stipendiary magistrate at Campbelltown. In 1837 he became Crown Prosecutor in the Quarter Sessions, and in 1838 he began private practice as a solicitor. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1856 to 1861 and from 1861 to 1863. Holden was inspired by John Stuart Mill to advocate a proportional representation electoral system using the Hare quota, as had been recommended by Mill in their letters. He made the proposal to parliament in 1861. An active member of parliament, Holden was secretary of the Law Commission between 1848 and 1850.[1]
Education edit
In 1849, Holden was made a member of the Board of National Education and served as such until the Board was replaced by the Council of Education in 1867. During his tenure, Holden also served as the chairman of the National Schools Board through 1865. His interest in education, as with land title reform, was likely rooted in his time as Governor Bourke's private secretary, as Bourke had been a strong advocate of public education.[4]
Environmentalism edit
In 1861, he co-founded the Acclimatisation Society of New South Wales. The Society worked to introduce, acclimatise and domesticate 'useful or ornamental' birds, fish, insects, vegetables and other exotic species. Among other species introduced to Australia by the Society are alpacas, sunflowers, watercress and pheasants. During the 1860s, the Acclimatisation Society also erected a number of cages in the Sydney Botanic Gardens in which they kept a collection of introduced birds such as pheasants, blackbirds and thrushes, which acted as part storage aviary and part exotic zoo.[2]
References edit
- ^ a b Irving, T H (1972). "Holden, George Kenyon (1808–1874)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 4. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- ^ a b Wilson, E (1992). The Wishing Tree: A Guide to Memorial Trees, Statues and Fountains in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Domain and Centennial Park Sydney. Sydney: Kangaroo Press. p. 30. ISBN 0864174373.
- ^ "Mr George Kenyon Holden (1808-1874)". Former members of the Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- ^ Dunn, Mark. "Holden, George Kenyon". The Dictionary of Sydney. Retrieved 30 December 2020.