Gazzaniga is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Giuseppe Gazzaniga (1743–1818), Italian composer
- Marietta Gazzaniga (1824–1884), Italian soprano
- Michael Gazzaniga (born 1939), American neuroscientist
- Paulo Gazzaniga (born 1992), Argentinian football goalkeeper
- Pietro Maria Gazzaniga (1824–1884), Italian-Dominican theologian
- Silvio Gazzaniga (1921–2016), Italian sculptor