The Gary Works is a major steel mill in Gary, Indiana, on the shore of Lake Michigan. For many years, the Gary Works was the world's largest steel mill, and it remains the largest integrated mill in North America.[1] It is operated by U.S. Steel.
| Gary Works | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Aerial view of the Gary Works in 1973 | |
 | |
| Built | 1906 |
| Operated | June 28, 1908 |
| Location | Gary, Indiana, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 41°36′26.1468″N 87°20′15.2664″W / 41.607263000°N 87.337574000°W |
| Industry | Steel |
| Employees | 2,256 (2023) |
The Gary Works includes both steelmaking and finishing facilities as an integrated mill, and has an annual capacity of 8.2 million tons.[2] It contains:[3]
- Four blast furnaces
- Three top-blown basic oxygen process (BOP) vessels
- Three bottom-blown BOP (Q-BOP) vessels
- Vacuum degasser
- Three ladle metallurgy facilities
- Four continuous slab casters
- An 84" hot strip mill
- Hot-rolled temper mill
- Both 80" and 84" pickle lines
- A 52" six-stand and an 80" five-stand cold-reduction mills
- Electrolytic cleaning line
- Three batch annealing facilities
- A 38" continuous annealing line
- An 80" one-stand, a 48" two-stand, and an 84" two-stand temper mills
- A 48" two-stand double cold-reduction mill
- A 37" and a 46" electrolytic tinning lines
- Pig Iron Caster
The Gary Works was under construction from 1906 to 1908, and the first shipment of iron ore was unloaded on June 23, 1908.[4] About 11 million cubic feet (310,000 m3) of sand were moved in the process of constructing the plant.[5]
The Gary Works remains Gary's largest single employer and a key element of the city's tax base,[6] but employment levels have fallen substantially since the mid-20th century; the plant and allied facilities employed over 30,000 people in the early 1970s, but only 6,000 in 1990,[7] 5,000 in 2015,[8] 2,500 in 2021,[9] and 2,246 in 2023.[10] The plant is also a central part of the city's geography; its main entrance is at the northern end of Broadway, the city's main thoroughfare.
References
edit- ^ NiSource, Inc. (1999-10-14). "U.S. Steel - Primary Energy Cogeneration Plant at Gary Works Wins National Recognition". Archived from the original on 2007-10-22. Retrieved 2011-06-10.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ U.S. Steel. "Gary Works". Retrieved 2011-06-10.
- ^ "About Us - Locations - www.ussteel.com". www.ussteel.com. Retrieved 2021-08-26.
- ^ Schoon 2003, p. 156.
- ^ Schoon 2003, p. 155.
- ^ "Gary gets a reprieve as DUAB rules against tax cap". Chicago Crusader. 2011-04-16. Archived from the original on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2011-06-10.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Catlin 1993, p. 90.
- ^ Pete, Joseph S. (April 24, 2015). "U.S. Steel starts layoffs of up to 323 workers at Gary Works". NWI Times.
- ^ Bonior, Jeffrey (October 26, 2021). "How Trade Action Helped Secure the Future for Steelworkers Like Mike Lohse". Alliance for American Manufacturing.
- ^ Pete, Joseph S. (December 29, 2022). "U.S. Steel to lay off 244 workers when it idles tin operations at Gary Works". NWI Times.
Further reading
edit- Catlin, Robert A. (1993). Racial politics and urban planning: Gary, Indiana, 1980-1989.
- Schoon, Kenneth J. (2003). Calumet Beginnings. ISBN 978-0-253-34218-8.