The English Free Port Act opened six British ports in the West Indies to foreign merchants, and enabled English colonists to conduct trade with French and Spanish colonies.[1]
| Act of Parliament | |
 | |
| Long title | An Act for opening and establishing certain Ports in the Islands of Jamaica and Dominica, for the more free Importation and Exportation of certain Goods and Merchandizes; for granting certain Duties, to defray the Expenses of opening, maintaining, securing, and improving, much Ports; for ascertaining the Duties to be paid upon the Importation of Goods from the Said Island of Dominica into this Kingdom; and for securing the Duties upon Goods imported from the Said Island into any other British Colony. |
|---|---|
| Citation | 6 Geo. 3. c. 49 |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 6 June 1766 |
It was passed in 1766 following the Seven Years’ War and prior to the American Revolution. The Act was a modified version of one in use by the French and Dutch.[2]
Background edit
Prior to 1766, the Navigation Acts of 1651 and 1660 regulated British trade, restricting colonial trade to England and limiting foreign imports to promote the interests of the British Empire.[3]
As English colonists continued to settle in the Americas, the British West Indies became unable to produce sufficient quantities of commodities needed in other parts of the Atlantic.[4] This included products such as sugar, raw cotton, and molasses.[5] To address these shortages, the Free Port Act enabled foreign supplies to enter the British system. Four ports were approved in Jamaica, along with two ports in Dominica.[6]
References edit
- ^ John E. Crowley. "Common-place: Object Lessons". Historycooperative.org. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
- ^ Parry, John H (1954). "Reviewed work: The Free Port System in the British West Indies, F. Armytage". Revista de Historia de América (37/38): 364–367. JSTOR 20136860.
- ^ "Navigation Acts | Definition, Purpose, Effects, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com.
- ^ Library, Clements (22 July 2019). "An Empire of Free Ports".
- ^ Marshall, P. J. (2019). "The Making of the Free Ports Act". Edmund Burke and the British Empire in the West Indies: Wealth, Power, and Slavery. Oxford: Oxford Academic. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198841203.003.0007.
- ^ Kleiser, R. Grant (26 April 2021). "An Empire of Free Ports: British Commercial Imperialism in the 1766 Free Port Act". Journal of British Studies. 60 (2): 334–361. doi:10.1017/jbr.2020.250 – via Cambridge University Press.