Wikipedia

Fluralaner

Fluralaner, (INN)[12] sold under the brand name Bravecto among others, is a systemic insecticide and acaricide that is administered orally[13] or topically.[14] The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved it for flea treatment in dogs in May 2014,[15] and approved the combination fluralaner/moxidectin (Bravecto Plus) as a topical treatment for cats in November 2019.[16][17][18][19] The EU approved fluralaner in March 2014.[5][6][20] Australia approved it for the treatment and prevention of ticks and fleas on dogs in January 2015.[21] For treating mites in chickens, a solution for use in drinking water is available under the brand name Exzolt[22] and was approved for use in the EU in 2017.[23]

Fluralaner
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ˌflʊərəˈlænər/ FLOOR-ə-LAN-ər
Trade namesBravecto, Exzolt
Other names
  • A1443, AH252723
  • 4-[(5RS)-5-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-N-[2-oxo-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)ethyl]-o-toluamide
License data
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATCvet code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability20–27%;[9] reduced in the fasted state[10]
Elimination half-life9.3–16.2 days[11]
Identifiers
  • (±)-4-[5-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-[2-oxo-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)ethyl]benzamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.215.812 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC22H17Cl2F6N3O3
Molar mass556.29 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
  • Cc1cc(ccc1C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(F)(F)F)C2=NOC(C2)(c3cc(cc(c3)Cl)Cl)C(F)(F)F
  • InChI=1S/C22H17Cl2F6N3O3/c1-11-4-12(2-3-16(11)19(35)31-9-18(34)32-10-21(25,26)27)17-8-20(36-33-17,22(28,29)30)13-5-14(23)7-15(24)6-13/h2-7H,8-10H2,1H3,(H,31,35)(H,32,34)
  • Key:MLBZKOGAMRTSKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Mode of action

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Fluralaner inhibits γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channels (GABAA receptors) and L-glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls).[24] Potency of fluralaner is comparable to fipronil (a related GABA-antagonist insecticide and acaricide).[25]

Research

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Fluralaner is being investigated to determine its ability to reduce the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases,[26] as well as bed bugs.[27][28]

References

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  1. ^ "Bravecto- fluralaner solution". DailyMed. 16 November 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  2. ^ "Bravecto 1-Month- fluralaner tablet, chewable". DailyMed. 19 May 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  3. ^ "Bravecto- fluralaner solution". DailyMed. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  4. ^ "Bravecto- fluralaner tablet, chewable". DailyMed. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  5. ^ a b "Bravecto EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  6. ^ a b "Bravecto PI". Union Register of medicinal products. 13 February 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  7. ^ "Exzolt EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
  8. ^ "Exzolt PI". Union Register of medicinal products. 22 August 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  9. ^ a b "Bravecto (fluralaner) for the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Arachnoenthomoses in Dogs. Full Prescribing Information" (PDF) (in Russian). Intervet GesmbH. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
  10. ^ Walther FM, Allan MJ, Roepke RK, Nuernberger MC (March 2014). "The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of oral fluralaner in dogs". Parasites & Vectors. 7 (1): 84. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-84. PMC 3975707. PMID 24598049.
  11. ^ "Bravecto (fluralaner) Flavored Chews for Dogs. Prescribing Information" (PDF). Intervet, Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Company, In. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
  12. ^ "International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN). Recommended International Nonproprietary Names: List 69" (PDF). WHO Drug Information. 27 (1): 59. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
  13. ^ Walther FM, Allan MJ, Roepke RK, Nuernberger MC (March 2014). "Safety of fluralaner chewable tablets (Bravecto), a novel systemic antiparasitic drug, in dogs after oral administration". Parasites & Vectors. 7 (1): 87. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-87. PMC 3975339. PMID 24606886.
  14. ^ Ranjan S, Young D, Sun F (July 2018). "A single topical fluralaner application to cats and to dogs controls fleas for 12 weeks in a simulated home environment". Parasites & Vectors. 11 (1): 385. doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2927-0. PMC 6029119. PMID 29970135.
  15. ^ Lee J (21 May 2014). "New Flea/Tick Medication by Merck Just Approved: Bravecto". Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  16. ^ "Bravecto Plus (fluralaner and moxidectin topical solution) for Cats Receives Approval from US Food and Drug Administration". Merck Animal Health. 15 November 2019. Archived from the original on 19 September 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  17. ^ Center for Veterinary Medicine (31 July 2020). "Fact Sheet for Pet Owners and Veterinarians about Potential Adverse Events Associated with Isoxazoline Flea and Tick Products". FDA. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  18. ^ "Bravecto Plus EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 7 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  19. ^ "Bravecto Plus PI". Union Register of medicinal products. 16 May 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  20. ^ "MSD Animal Health receives EU approval for Bravecto". 19 February 2014. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  21. ^ "Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals" (PDF). Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. 10 February 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  22. ^ Imrie P (24 June 2020). "Backyard poultry red mite treatment launches". Vet Times. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  23. ^ Brauneis MD, Zoller H, Williams H, Zschiesche E, Heckeroth AR (December 2017). "The acaricidal speed of kill of orally administered fluralaner against poultry red mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) on laying hens and its impact on mite reproduction". Parasites & Vectors. 10 (1): 594. doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2534-5. PMC 5712167. PMID 29197422.
  24. ^ Gassel M, Wolf C, Noack S, Williams H, Ilg T (February 2014). "The novel isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner: selective inhibition of arthropod γ-aminobutyric acid- and L-glutamate-gated chloride channels and insecticidal/acaricidal activity". Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 45: 111–124. Bibcode:2014IBMB...45..111G. doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.11.009. PMID 24365472.
  25. ^ Asahi M, Kobayashi M, Matsui H, Nakahira K (January 2015). "Differential mechanisms of action of the novel γ-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist ectoparasiticides fluralaner (A1443) and fipronil". Pest Management Science. 71 (1): 91–95. doi:10.1002/ps.3768. PMID 24591229.
  26. ^ Miglianico M, Eldering M, Slater H, Ferguson N, Ambrose P, Lees RS, et al. (July 2018). "Repurposing isoxazoline veterinary drugs for control of vector-borne human diseases". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (29): E6920–E6926. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115E6920M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1801338115. PMC 6055183. PMID 29967151.
  27. ^ Murez C (1 December 2022). "Two veterinary drugs may help eliminate bedbugs". United Press International, Inc. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  28. ^ Sheele JM (2020). "A Preliminary Report Showing Spinosad and Fluralaner Are Able to Incapacitate Cimex lectularius L., the Common Bed Bug". Cureus. 12 (4): e7529. doi:10.7759/cureus.7529. PMC 7198093. PMID 32377477. S2CID 216501793.
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