Dipole illumination is generally used for line pitch with k1<0.5. However, the lines will generally not be indefinitely long, but have breaks or gaps. At some minimum drawn gap width, the gap is actually bridged when printing. The gap width must be extended further to allow stable printing. Since the pitch in the gap direction is larger (at least 2x) than the line-to-line pitch, the gap width will be signficantly larger than linewidth. Reference: periodic gap diffraction pattern
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