Faith Cabin Libraries were a system of libraries created in South Carolina and Georgia providing library services to Black Americans who were not allowed to use public libraries because of segregation laws.[1]
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History
editThis library system was created in the 1930s and 1940s by Willie Lee Buffington, a White mill worker, and his childhood friend, a Black teacher Euriah Simpkins.[2][3] Simpkins had invited Buffington to the opening of a Saluda County school for Black students. Buffington, surprised and upset by the lack of books in the school, began a letter-writing campaign to area churches soliciting book donations for his library project.[3] However, there were too many books for the school itself, so Buffington and Simpkins decided to build a library themselves.[3]
The first library--the Lizze Koon unit after Buffington's mother--a small free-standing log cabin building, opened in 1932 in Saluda County.[2][3] It was 18 feet by 22 feet with a rock chimney.[4] The building's furniture was barrels for chairs and kerosene lamps for illumination.[4] At the library's opening, a community member said "we didn't have money, all we had was faith" which lent a name to both the building and the movement as Faith Cabin Libraries.[5]
Publicity
editSimpkins' and Buffington's project spread throughout South Carolina and Georgia, through print publications such as Southern Workman and, later, publications such as Reader's Digest, the Saturday Evening Post and Library Journal.[5] Buffington was active in publicity for the project, appearing on the Hobby Lobby radio program; his appearance helped raise enough money for a library in Lexington, South Carolina.[5] Ted Malone profiled the movement in a 1948 radio broadcast.[5] Buffington's life and the origin story of the movement was dramatized in 1951 in the Cavalcade of America radio series .[5]
Buffington, who was on the faculty of Paine College, a Methodist college in Augusta, Georgia, created a slide collection with a script that could be used by Woman's Society of Christian Service of the Methodist Church to promote the movement.[5] Buffington's salary for the project was being paid by divisions of the Methodist church by the early 1950s.[5]
South Carolina projects
editThe Works Progress Administration provided library services throughout the state of South Carolina between 1936 and 1943, however it was disproportionately providing services to White people.[5] During the time the WPA provided library services to South Carolina, there were more Faith Cabin Libraries serving the Black population than WPA libraries.[5] The State Library Board actively denied the existence and continued operation of Faith Cabin libraries in the early 1950s.[5]
Georgia projects
editBuffington worked with Robert Cousins who was the director of Negro Education in Georgia, to identify communities who wanted Faith Cabin libraries.[5] Assistance in curating and organizing book collections in libraries was provided by the Atlanta University Library School.[5] Seventy-five Faith Cabin libraries were established in Georgia between 1944 and 1960, primarily in school buildings.[5]
In total, there were twenty-nine Faith Cabin Libraries built in South Carolina and over seventy in Georgia.[6] Each community was responsible for housing the book collection and operating their own library.[5]
Conclusion
editIn the 1950s and 1960s school consolidations eliminated many of the smaller schools with Faith Cabin collections, and public libraries were integrated by the mid-1960s.[5] The library system remained active until the mid-1970s.[4] The Faith Cabin Library at Paine College remained open and available until Buffington retired in 1975.[5] There are three remaining free-standing Faith Cabin Library buildings, one in Pendleton, South Carolina, one in Saluda County, South Carolina and one in Seneca, South Carolina.[7][8] The building in Seneca is being repurposed as a Black history museum.[9]
References
edit- ^ "Faith Cabin Library". Pendleton Foundation for Black History and Culture. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
- ^ a b "National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form" (PDF). South Carolina Department of Archives and History. National Park Service. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
- ^ a b c d "Faith Cabin Library". Seneca, South Carolina. March 31, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
- ^ a b c Meaney, Amy (June 30, 2016). "Willie Lee Buffington and the Faith Cabin Libraries". Moving Image Research Collections (MIRC). Retrieved February 18, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Lee, Dan (Winter 1991). "Faith Cabin Libraries: A Study of an Alternative Library Service in the Segregated South, 1932-1960". Libraries & Culture. 26 (1): 169–182. JSTOR 25542329.
- ^ "South Carolina--Library Services to Blacks". Information and Communications - College of Information and Communications | University of South Carolina. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
- ^ "Pendleton Organizations". Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
- ^ "Faith Cabin Library at Saluda". The Green Book of South Carolina. April 20, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
- ^ "Seneca's Faith Cabin Library to serve as a testament – 101.7 WGOG". 101.7 WGOG – The Golden Corner's Radio Station. February 14, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2020.