Eriocapitella × hybrida is a hybrid of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae.[1] The parents of the hybrid are E. japonica and E. vitifolia. Cultivars of the hybrid are commonly known as Japanese anemone hybrids.[2]
| Eriocapitella × hybrida | |
|---|---|
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| Private garden, Denmark (11 August 2012) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | Eriocapitella |
| Species: | E. × hybrida
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| Binomial name | |
| Eriocapitella × hybrida (L.H.Bailey) Christenh. & Byng
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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List
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Description edit
Eriocapitella × hybrida is a perennial herbaceous plant up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) tall. It forms large clumps of dark green, ternate, basal leaves on long petioles (leaf stalks). The pubescent leaflets are ovate, with deep lobes and serrate margins (edges). The inflorescence is a large, loose cyme with semi-double flowers. The flower is approximately 8 cm (3.1 in) across with 7–11 white, pink, or rose sepals (no petals) each having a silky sheen on the backside. The center of the flower is surrounded by prominent golden stamens.[3]
Taxonomy edit
Eriocapitella × hybrida was described by Maarten J. M. Christenhusz and James W. Byng in 2018.[4] Like other members of genus Eriocapitella, E. × hybrida was formerly a member of genus Anemone. In particular, the historically important synonym Anemone × hybrida Paxton and the basionym Anemone japonica var. hybrida L.H.Bailey were described in 1848 and 1914, respectively.[5][6][7][8]
Ecology edit
Eriocapitella × hybrida along with four other taxa (E. hupehensis, E. japonica, E. tomentosa, and E. vitifolia) are known as fall-blooming anemones.[9] The bloom period depends on the particular cultivar and location, but at Longwood Gardens for example, E. × hybrida 'Königin Charlotte' bloomed from mid September to early November.[3]
Cultivation edit
The artificial hybrid Eriocapitella × hybrida was developed at the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1848. As reported by Joseph Paxton at the time, gardeners crossed the so-called Japanese anemone E. japonica with E. vitifolia to produce a hardy fall-blooming hybrid with rose-colored flowers. The parent species were previously brought to England from their native Asia: E. vitifolia was brought from Nepal in 1829 while E. japonica was brought from China in 1844. European horticulturalists in Great Britain, Germany, and France subsequently introduced dozens of cultivars. Commonly called Japanese anemone hybrids, the cultivars of E. × hybrida have single, semi-double, or double flowers with white, pink, or purple sepals.[2][3][6]
At the Chicago Botanic Garden, Rudy experimented with 26 cultivars of fall-blooming anemones over a 5-year period beginning in 1998. His experiments included 18 cultivars of E. × hybrida, of which more than half had a bloom length greater than 48 days.[9]
| Cultivar | Flower color | Flower form | Height | Width | Bloom period | Bloom length |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. × hybrida 'Alba'[10] | white | single | mid Sep-late Oct | 24.0 days | ||
| E. × hybrida 'Alice'[11] | pale pink | semi-double | 32 in. | 37 in. | mid Sep-early Nov | 53.5 days |
| E. × hybrida 'Andrea Atkinson'[12] | white | single to semi-double | 35 in. | 20 in. | late Aug-mid Nov | 64.7 days |
| E. × hybrida 'Avalanche' | white | double | mid Aug-late Oct | 37.0 days | ||
| E. × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert'[13] | white | single to semi-double | 40 in. | 33 in. | mid Sep-mid Nov | 45.8 days |
| E. × hybrida 'Königin Charlotte'[14] | pale pink | semi-double | 36 in. | 31 in. | late Sep-early Nov | 25.4 days |
| E. × hybrida 'Kriemhilde'[15] | pink | single to semi-double | 30 in. | 19 in. | late Aug-early Nov | 56.0 days |
| E. × hybrida 'Lady Gilmour'[16] | pale pink | single | late Sep-late Oct | 16.0 days | ||
| E. × hybrida 'Loreley'[17] | pink | semi-double | 0.0 days | |||
| E. × hybrida 'Margarete'[18] | deep pink | semi-double | 22 in. | 30 in. | late Aug-early Nov | 49.3 days |
| E. × hybrida 'Max Vogel'[19] | pink | semi-double | 43 in. | 35 in. | mid Aug-early Nov | 62.5 days |
| E. × hybrida 'Montrose'[20] | pale purple | double | 27 in. | 30 in. | mid Sep-early Nov | 43.5 days |
| E. × hybrida 'Richard Ahrens'[21] | pink | single to semi-double | 27 in. | 31 in. | mid Sep-late Oct | 48.7 days |
| E. × hybrida 'Robustissima'[22] | pink | single | 41 in. | 40 in. | late Aug-mid Nov | 63.0 days |
| E. × hybrida 'September Charm'[23] | pale purple | single | 30 in. | 20 in. | late Aug-early Nov | 48.2 days |
| E. × hybrida 'Serenade'[24] | pink | semi-double | 23 in. | 40 in. | mid Aug-late Oct | 64.5 days |
| E. × hybrida 'Victor Jones' | pale pink | single | 31 in. | 35 in. | late Aug-mid Oct | 53.4 days |
| E. × hybrida 'Whirlwind'[25] | white | semi-double | 27 in. | 35 in. | early Sep-early Nov | 41.1 days |
As of March 2020[update], the following cultivars of E. × hybrida have gained the Award of Garden Merit (AGM) from the Royal Horticultural Society:[26]
- E. × hybrida 'Elegans',[27] also known as E. × hybrida 'Max Vogel'
- E. × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert'
- E. × hybrida 'Königin Charlotte' ('Queen Charlotte')
- E. × hybrida 'September Charm'
The cultivars E. × hybrida 'Andrea Atkinson', E. × hybrida 'Lady Gilmour', and E. × hybrida 'Robustissima' were removed from the AGM list in 2013.
Bibliography edit
- Gledhill, David (2008). The Names of Plants (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.
- Herman, Robert (2004). "Fall-blooming anemones". Fine Gardening. 99: 48–52. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- Rudy, Mark R. (2004). "Fall-blooming Anemones" (PDF). Plant Evaluation Notes, Issue 25. Chicago Botanic Garden. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
References edit
- ^ a b "Eriocapitella × hybrida (L.H.Bailey) Christenh. & Byng". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ a b Herman (2004).
- ^ a b c Anisko, Tomasz (2008). When Perennials Bloom: An Almanac for Planning and Planting. Timber Press. Section: Anemone × hybrida.
- ^ "Eriocapitella × hybrida (L.H.Bailey) Christenh. & Byng". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida Paxton". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ a b "Anemone hybrida". Paxton's Magazine of Botany, and Register of Flowering Plants. 15: 239. 1849. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone japonica var. hybrida L.H.Bailey". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ Bailey, L. H., ed. (1919). The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture (Volume 1). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Macmillan. pp. 205–206. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ a b Rudy (2004).
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Alba'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Alice'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Andrea Atkinson'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Konigin Charlotte'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Kriemhilde'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Lady Gilmour'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Loreley'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Margarete'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Max Vogel'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Montrose'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Richard Ahrens'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Robustissima'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'September Charm'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Serenade'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Whirlwind'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Ornamentals AGM Plants March 2020" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Elegans'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
External links edit
- "Anemone × hybrida 'Andrea Atkinson'". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
- "Anemone × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert'". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
- "Anemone × hybrida 'Konigin Charlotte'". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
- "Anemone × hybrida 'Lady Gilmour'". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
- "Anemone × hybrida 'September Charm'". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
- "Anemone × hybrida 'Pretty Lady Diana'". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
- "Anemone hupehensis 'Kriemhilde'". Paghat the Ratgirl. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- "Anemone × hybrida 'Andrea Atkinson' and 'Honorine Jobert'". Rob's Plants. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- "Anemone × hybrida 'Prince Henry'". Rob's Plants. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- Mahr, Susan (2016-01-25). "Anemone 'Honorine Jobert'". Master Gardener Program. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- "Anemone × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert'". San Marcos Growers. Retrieved 6 January 2021.