Envelope journalism (also envelopmental journalism,[1] red envelope journalism,[2] white envelope journalism,[2] Ch'ongi,[2] wartawan amplop[3]) is a colloquial term for the practice of bribing corrupt journalists for favorable media coverage.
The term brown envelope journalism is common in English-speaking countries and African countries; other envelope colors are more commonly used in Asia, the Philippines,[1] China,[2] Korea,[2] India, and Indonesia.[3] In Republic of the Congo, it is just known as envelope journalism.[4]
The term arose from the envelopes used to hold cash bribes, given ostensibly as tokens of appreciation for attending a press conference.[1]
More recently, the term ATM journalism has arisen, to indicate the change to electronic transfer of bribes to journalists' bank accounts.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c d "On The Record - The radio series". March 3, 2005. Archived from the original on 2005-03-03.
- ^ a b c d e Brislin, Tom. "An Update on Journalism Ethics in Asia: Values and Practices as Context for Meaning in Japan, China and Korea". University of Hawaii.
- ^ a b "Indonesia and Envelope Journalism". Archived from the original on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
- ^ Nkie Mongo, Cleves (March 8, 2021). "The practice of envelope journalism in the Republic of the Congo". Newspaper Research Journal. 42 (1): 111–126. doi:10.1177/0739532921990763 – via CrossRef.
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