Enrico Francisci (1884 – 11 July 1943) was an Italian Blackshirt general during World War II.
Enrico Francisci | |
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| Born | 1884 Montemurlo, Kingdom of Italy |
| Died | 11 July 1943 (aged 58–59) Campobello di Licata, Kingdom of Italy |
| Allegiance |  Kingdom of Italy |
| Service/ |  Royal Italian Army MVSN |
| Rank | Major General |
| Commands held | 62nd Blackshirt Legion "Isonzo" 90th Blackshirt Legion "Pisa" 135th Blackshirt Legion "Indomita" "23 Marzo" Blackshirt Group Raggruppamento CC. NN. "23 Marzo" |
| Battles/wars | |
| Awards |
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Biography edit
Born in Montemurlo in 1884, Francisci pursued a military career in the Royal Italian Army; he fought in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War with the rank of second lieutenant in 83rd Infantry Regiment "Venezia", and then participated in the First World War, earning a Silver Medal of Military Valour, three Bronze Medals of Military Valour, three War Crosses for Military Valor and a War Merit Cross. By the end of the war he had reached the rank of major.[1][2][3]
After promotion to lieutenant colonel he was attached to the Governorate of Libya; he joined Fascism in 1920 and after the march on Rome he passed from the Royal Army to the Voluntary Militia for National Security with the rank of console (colonel), holding command of the 62nd Blackshirt Legion "Isonzo" in Gorizia and then of the 90th Legion in Pisa.[1][2]
During the Second Italo-Ethiopian War he commanded the 135th Blackshirt Legion "Indomita" of the 1st Blackshirt Division 23 Marzo, and was awarded another Silver Medal for Military Valor for his role in the battle of Amba Aradam.[2][3]
After promotion to console generale (brigadier general), he participated in the Spanish Civil War in the ranks of the Corpo Truppe Volontarie, commanding the "23 Marzo" Blackshirt Group, and in September 1937 he fought in the Battle of Santander and was promoted to luogotenente generale (major general) for war merits.[4][3][2][5][6][7]
He left active service in 1939, due to age limits, but returned to the MVSN after the outbreak of the Second World War; in July 1942 he was given command of the Raggruppamento CC. NN. "23 Marzo", consisting of six Blackshirt battalions, attached to the 8th Army deployed on the Eastern Front. In September 1942 his troops repelled a Soviet attack on the Don River, and in November Francisci was wounded and repatriated. He was then appointed Inspector General of the MVSN of the Armed Forces Command of Sicily.[8][2]
On 10 July 1943, after the Allied landings in Sicily, Francisci was tasked by General Alfredo Guzzoni, commander of the 6th Army, with coordinating the counterattack against the American force that had landed in Licata. At dawn on 11 July, Francisci led a counterattack launched by the 177th Bersaglieri Regiment and the 161st Self-propelled Artillery Group; during the fighting, while standing on a self-propelled gun, he was decapitated by a tank shell near Favarotta. He was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valour, and is buried in Enna.[9][10][11][2][12]
References edit
- ^ a b "Enrico Francisci". Spazioinwind.libero.it. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
- ^ a b c d e f "Notiziario: Sulle spiagge di Licata muore il generale Enrico Francisci – Associazione Nazionale Combattenti e Reduci". www.combattentiereduci.it. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
- ^ a b c Ancfargl (13 August 2016). "FRANCISCI Enrico – Associazione Nazionale Combattenti FF.AA. Regolari Guerra di Liberazione". Combattentiliberazione.it. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
- ^ Colloredo, Pierluigi Romeo di (4 October 2015). Frecce Nere! 2: Le Camicie Nere in Spagna, 1936–1939 (2a parte) – Pierluigi Romeo di Colloredo – Google Libri. ISBN 9788899158675. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
- ^ Coverdale, John F. (8 March 2015). Italian Intervention in the Spanish Civil War – John F. Coverdale – Google Libri. ISBN 9781400867905. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
- ^ Hooton, E. R. (2019-02-19). Spain in Arms: A Military History of the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939 – E. R. Hooton – Google Libri. ISBN 9781612006383. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
- ^ Rodrigo, Javier (2021-04-22). Fascist Italy in the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939 – Javier Rodrigo – Google Libri. ISBN 9781000378078. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
- ^ "Regio Esercito – MVSN – Campagna di Russia 1941–1943". Regioesercito.it. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
- ^ Emilio Faldella, Lo sbarco e la difesa della Sicilia, pp. 137–148
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "14 Jul 1943 – GERMANS HANGING BACK. – Trove". Trove.nla.gov.au. 1943-07-14. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-08-28.