Eloy de la Iglesia (1 January 1944 – 23 March 2006) was a Spanish screenwriter and film director.

Eloy de la Iglesia
De la Iglesia in 2001
Born
Eloy Germán de la Iglesia Diéguez

(1944-01-01)1 January 1944
Zarautz, Spain
Died23 March 2006(2006-03-23) (aged 62)
Madrid, Spain
OccupationFilmmaker
Years active1966–2003

De la Iglesia was an outspoken gay and socialist filmmaker who is relatively unknown outside Spain despite a prolific and successful career in his native country. He is best remembered for having portrayed urban marginality and the world of drugs and juvenile delinquency, with many of his films dealing with the theme of homosexuality. Part of his work is closely related to the phenomenon popularly known in Spain as quinqui films, to which he contributed several works. De la Iglesia took risks in his films that captured the struggles of the underclass, portraying the everyday, unidealized lives of powerless characters portrayed genuinely with flaws and vices. They are an example of commitment to the immediate reality, going against the conformist outlook of most movies of its time. Beyond their debatable aesthetic merits, his film served as a document of the Spanish marginality of the late seventies and early eighties, and they have the stamp of his strong personality.

Early life and films

edit

Born in Zarauz, Guipúzcoa into a wealthy Basque family, he grew up in Madrid. His desire to follow a career in filmmaking initially was thwarted. He attended courses at the prestigious Parisian Institut des hautes études cinématographiques, but he could not enter Spain's national film school because he wasn't yet 21, the minimum age required for admission.[1] Instead, he began to study philosophy and literature at the Complutense University of Madrid, but he abandoned it to direct children's theater. By age 20, he had written and directed many works for television sharpening his narrative skills. He established himself as a writer of children's television programs for Radiotelevisíon Española in Barcelona.

De la Iglesia made his debut as film director when he was age 22 with Fantasia 3 (Fantasy 3, 1966), adapting three children's stories: The Maid of the Sea, The three hairs from the devil and The Wizard of Oz. While doing mandatory military service, he wrote the script of his second film, Algo Amargo en la Boca (Something Bitter Tasting, 1968).[1]

Algo Amargo en la Boca, a sordid melodrama, and Cuadrilatero (Boxing Ring, 1969), a boxing story, faced problems with the Francoist censors and failed at the box office.[1] His films did not attract widespread notice until his fourth effort, the critically acclaimed thriller El Techo de Cristal (The Glass Ceiling, 1970).[1]

During the early 1970s, de la Iglesia was a member of the Spanish Communist Party; his films of this period reflected his beliefs and often centered on violent forms of social protest. His political leanings and the lurid subjects of his film made him a controversial filmmaker facing many problems with the Spanish censor under Francisco Franco's régime.

He approached the horror genre in his two following films: La semana del asesino (The Cannibal Man, 1971) and Nadie oyó gritar (No One Heard the Scream, 1972), leaving stylistic and structural academicism aside. He defined a sharp style, torn and impressionistic. His film Una gota de sangre para seguir amando (Murder in a Blue World, 1973), written with José Luis Garci, a mixed of futuristic thriller, took some cues from Stanley Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange.

Films of the transition

edit
"I talk about the world of which the majority of filmmakers do not care to speak, the marginal world. I am a most unopportunistic filmmaker. I am the one who always wants to make the films that are not supposed to be made. I’m the one interested in the subjects that everyone else has agreed not to talk about."[2]
Eloy de la Iglesia

The dismantling of the Francoist censorship allowed de la Iglesia to increase sexually charged tones in his works.[3] This approach became apparent in his films: Juego de amor prohibido (Games of Forbbiden Love, 1975) and La otra alcoba (The Other Bedroom, 1976).[1]

In the late 1970s, de la Iglesia, collaborated with journalist and screen riter Gonzalo Goicoechea. Los placeres ocultos (Hidden Pleasures, 1977) focused on homosexuality. El diputado (Confessions of a Congressman, 1979), follows the story of a politician who is blackmailed due to his secret homosexuality and El sacerdote (The Priest ), also released in 1979, deals with a conservative, Catholic priest whose sexual obsessions lead him to self-mutilation.

With the arrival of the 1980s, de La Iglesia explored the theme of urban insecurity in his film Miedo a salir de noche (Fear to Go Out at Night, 1980) and he mixed sex, politics and violence in La mujer del ministro (The Minister's wife, 1981).

De la Iglesia's subsequent films, written in collaboration with Gonzalo Goicoechea, were centered in social problems such as juvenile delinquency and drug addiction, such as Navajeros (Knifers, 1980), Colegas (Pals, 1982), El pico (The Needle, 1983) and El pico 2 (The Needle 2, 1984). These films made an effort to connect with a popular audience in a direct and unpretentious style. His formula for success involved young non-professional actors, topical themes, a modest budget, and usually on location shooting. From the last years of the 1970s to the early 1980s, de la Iglesia was one of Spain's more commercial successful film directors, but film critics were usually harsh in the appreciation of his work. El pico became the director's biggest success at the box office.[3]

After the critical and commercial failure of Otra vuelta de tuerca (The Turn of the Screw, 1985), loosely based on Henry James's novel, de la Iglesia returned to the subject of juvenile delinquency in La Estanquera de vallecas (The Tobacconist from Vallecas, 1987), this time employing a humorous tone. La Estanquera de vallecas, based on a play by José Luis Alonso de Santos, continued de la Iglesia's commercial success, but it was not well received by Spanish critics.[4]

Last years

edit

Like many of the young protagonists of his films, de la iglesia became addicted to drugs such as heroin, and he stopped making films for 15 years. Claiming that his addiction to cinema was stronger than his drug problems, de la Iglesia eventually kicked his habit and resumed his career making Los novios bulgaros (The Bulgarian Lovers, 2003), a film based on the novel of the same title written by Eduardo Mendicutti.

Stricken with kidney cancer,[5] he died on 23 March 2006, age 62, after surgery to remove a malignant tumor.[6] He was cremated at Cementerio de la Almudena.[7]

Filmography as director

edit
Year English title Original title Notes
1966 Fantasy 3 Fantasía 3 Made of three episodes: The Maid of the Sea, The Three Hairs from the Devil and The Wizard of Oz
1969 Something Bitter Tasting Algo amargo en la boca
1970 Boxing Ring Cuadrilátero
1971 The Glass Ceiling El techo de cristal
1972 The Cannibal Man La semana del asesino
1973 No One Heard the Scream Nadie oyó gritar
1973 Murder in a Blue World Una gota de sangre para morir amando
1975 Game of Forbidden Love Juego de amor prohibido
1976 The Other Bedroom La otra alcoba
1977 The Creature La criatura Original Script
1977 Hidden Pleasures Los placeres ocultos
1979 Confessions of a Congressman El diputado
1979 The Priest El Sacerdote
1980 Fear to go out at Night Miedo a salir de noche
1981 The Minister’s Wife La mujer del ministro
1981 Knifers Navajeros
1982 Pals Colegas
1983 The Needle El pico
1984 The Needle 2 El pico 2
1985 The Turn of the Screw Otra vuelta de tuerca based on Henry James's novel The Turn of the Screw
1987 Hostages in the Barrio La estanquera de Vallecas based on a play by José Luis Alonso de Santos
2003 Bulgarian Lovers Los novios búlgaros based on a novel by Eduardo Mendicutti

Notes

edit
  1. ^ a b c d e D’Lugo, Guide to the Cinema of Spain, p. 168
  2. ^ Murray, Images in the Dark, p. 40
  3. ^ a b Torres, Diccionario Espasa Cine Español, p. 251
  4. ^ D’Lugo, Guide to the Cinema of Spain, p. 169
  5. ^ "Eloy de la Iglesia, un director popular y comprometido". El País (in Spanish). 23 March 2006. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  6. ^ EFE (24 March 2006). "Muere el realizador de cine Eloy de la Iglesia". El Confidencial (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  7. ^ "allece el director de cine Eloy de la Iglesia, retratista de la marginalidad y el mundo de la droga". Europa Press (in Spanish). 24 March 2006. Retrieved 9 October 2023.

References

edit
  • D’Lugo, Marvin. Guide to the Cinema of Spain. Greenwood Press, 1997. ISBN 0-313-29474-7
  • Mira, Alberto. Historical Dictionary of Spanish Cinema. Scarecrow press, 2010. ISBN 0-8108-5957-2
  • Murray, Raymond. Images in the Dark: An Encyclopedia of Gay and Lesbian Film and Video Guide to the Cinema of Spain. TLA Publications, 1994, ISBN 1880707012
  • Torres, Augusto. Diccionario del cine Español, Espasa Calpe, 1994, ISBN 84-239-9203-9
edit