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Last edited by Citation bot (talk | contribs) 25 days ago. (Update) |
| Trochocarpa disticha | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | Trochocarpa |
| Species: | T. disticha
|
| Binomial name | |
| Trochocarpa disticha | |
Trochocarpa disticha, commonly known as spreading purpleberry, is a woody shrub endemic to southeast Tasmanian rainforests.
Description edit
Trochocarpa disticha is a woody shrub with few spreading branches. It is usually 2-4m. The leaves are arranged alternately, and flattened onto a plane[2] to catch more light .The leaves are lanceolate to elliptical, 15-20mm long and 3-5mm wide[3]. The adaxial (upper) surface is dark green, and abaxial surface is slightly lighter and less shiny. Venation is faintly visible on the abaxial surface. Petioles are short[4], twisted, and appressed to the stem. Young leaves may be red and not yet distichous. The branchlets are glabrous[2] and branch angularly.
Flowers are arranged in terminal spikes which are usually dense and 10-15mm long[4]. The bract and bracteoles are broad and persistent. The sepals are approximately 2-3mm, and the corolla tube is longer (3-4mm) and reddish[4]. The inside of the tube is densely covered in hairs[2], but the petals are otherwise glabrous. Stamen extend beyond the corolla. The style is not inserted into the ovary. Flowering usually occurs September to October[4] and pollination is usually done by insects[5].
The fruit are deep to pale purple drupe, 6-10mm wide and somewhat flattened. They are rather tasteless and pithy, with the endocarp separating into 10 pyrenes[4]. They're spread by bird dispersal.
Distribution and Habitat edit
Trochocarpa disticha is endemic to Tasmania and can be found in the rainforests of the far southeast[3], mostly below 400m[4]. Sightings[3] range from wet scrubby E.obliqua forest to Nothofagus-Athersperma rainforest [6]. It can make up a small component of the scrubby understorey in thamnic rainforests, where it can often be part of an existing thicket. At later successional stages or better soil condition it is more likely to be absent.
Etymology edit
The name Trochocarpa is derived from trochos (wheel) and carpos (fruit). This refers to the ten pyrenes in the drupe resembling the spokes of a wheel.
Disticha is from the botanical term "distichous": arranged in two rows either side of the stem, therefore being on the same plane. This is built from the greek di (two) and stichos (row). Note that some other Trochocarpa are also distichous.
Phylogeny edit
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The genus Trochocarpa has 16 species[7] found throughout Australia, Papua New Guinea, and surrounding nations. Four are found in and endemic to Tasmania. T.cunninghamii and T.gunnii have a far wider distribution than T.disticha, growing in rainforest to sub-alpine forest in the west of the state. Both are smaller in form and leaf size to T.disticha. T.cunninghamii is most genetically similar to T.disticha, sharing hairs in the corolla tube, but the former has hairy branchlets. T.thymifolia has significantly shorter leaves.
The genus Trochocarpa is most genetically similar to Monotoca and Montitega. Both of these genus are represented in Tasmania.
References edit
- ^ "Vascular Plants". biodiversity.org.au. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
- ^ a b c d "Key to Tasmanian Dicots". www.utas.edu.au. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
- ^ a b c d Australia, Atlas of Living. "Species: Trochocarpa disticha". bie.ala.org.au. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
- ^ a b c d e f Crowden, RK; Duretto, MF (2019). "Ericaceae, version 2019:2" (PDF). Flora of Tasmania Online. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
- ^ Johnson, Karen A. (July 2013). "Are there pollination syndromes in the Australian epacrids (Ericaceae: Styphelioideae)? A novel statistical method to identify key floral traits per syndrome". Annals of Botany. 112 (1): 141–149. doi:10.1093/aob/mct105. ISSN 0305-7364. PMC 3690994. PMID 23681546.
- ^ "LISTmap - Land Information System Tasmania". maps.thelist.tas.gov.au. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
- ^ Australia, Atlas of Living. "Genus: Trochocarpa". bie.ala.org.au. Retrieved 2024-04-03.