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Traditional Māori dance includes a variety of performative and ceremonial practices from the Māori people of New Zealand. These dances are a fundamental part of Māori culture and are used for storytelling, celebrations, and rituals.
Historical background
editTraditional Māori dance has deep roots in the culture of the Māori people, originating from Polynesian settlers who arrived in New Zealand centuries ago. Initially linked to warfare and ceremonies, these dances have since broadened to include various cultural expressions and celebrations.
Main types of Māori dance
editHaka
editThe haka is a dynamic and powerful dance that involves chanting, rhythmic movements, and stamping. Originally performed by warriors before battle to demonstrate strength and unity, the haka has become well-known globally, particularly through its performance by the New Zealand rugby team, the All Blacks.
Waiata-ā-Ringa
editWaiata-ā-ringa, or "action songs," blend dance with song. Performers use hand movements and body gestures to bring the lyrics to life. This dance form is often featured at social gatherings and ceremonies to tell stories and express themes.
Poi
editPoi involves swinging balls attached to strings in rhythm with music. Traditionally performed by women, poi is noted for its graceful and intricate patterns. It was originally used to develop coordination and rhythm and remains a visually impressive part of Māori dance.
Peruperu
editPeruperu, or the war haka, includes vigorous movements like jumping and stomping. Historically, it was performed by warriors to intimidate enemies and prepare for battle. This energetic dance shows physical strength and psychological intensity which is very important in battle.
Cultural significance
editTraditional Māori dances are crucial for preserving and expressing Māori culture. They help convey important stories, celebrate key events, and strengthen community ties. For example, the haka is used in various ceremonies, including welcoming guests and commemorating special occasions.
Performance characteristics
editMāori dance is known for its expressive and energetic qualities. Some Key elements are:
- Facial Expressions: Performers often use strong facial expressions to add emotional depth.
- Choreography: The movements are rhythmic and coordinated with music or chants.
- Footwork: Stomping creates a percussive rhythm that supports the dance.
- Hand Gestures: Specific gestures are used to convey meanings, especially in waiata-ā-ringa.
Preservation and Modern Adaptations
editThere are ongoing efforts to preserve traditional Māori dance through cultural organizations and educational programs. Modern performances may incorporate contemporary elements while respecting traditional practices, helping to keep Māori dance relevant and vibrant.
References
editFurther reading
editMURRAY, David Haka fracas? The dialectics of identity in discussions of a contemporary Maori dance.
https://vcc-nvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01VCC_NVC/aoa9nf/cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_60088687
Youngerman, Suzanne Maori Dancing since the Eighteenth Century. https://vcc-nvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01VCC_NVC/aoa9nf/cdi_proquest_journals_740940060
Clement, Vincent Dancing bodies and Indigenous ontology: what does the haka reveal about the Māori relationship with the Earth? https://vcc-nvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01VCC_NVC/aoa9nf/cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_03268161v1
Rajpal, Nisheeth Maori war dances and busy A+E wards https://vcc-nvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01VCC_NVC/aoa9nf/cdi_proquest_journals_1786254189
Swain, Rachael A Meeting of Nations: Trans-Indigenous and Intercultural Interventions in Contemporary Indigenous Dance 1 https://vcc-nvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01VCC_NVC/aoa9nf/cdi_proquest_journals_1841026071