The Thirteen Villages of Syuejia (Chinese: 學甲十三庄; Hanyu Pinyin: xuéjiǎshísānzhuāng;[1] Tongyong Pinyin: syuéjiǎshíhsanjhuang;[1] Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍k-kah-cha̍p-saⁿ-chng[2]) were a group of Taiwanese Mandarin villages built in the seventeenth century CE, in nowadays Syuejia District (學甲區) and Beimen District (北門區), Tainan City, Taiwan. In 1661, when Koxinga arrived in the south-west part of Taiwan, four families from Baijiao Township (白礁鄉), Tonan County (同安縣), Fujian Province, China with the last names Chen (陳), Li (李), Hsieh (謝) and Chuang (莊) came along and built these villages.[3]
List of Villages edit
8 of them were located in Syuejia District nowadays:
- Syuejia[4] (學甲) was located in the middle part of Syuejia District.[5] It was now the urban area of the District.[6]
- Zhongzhou[4] (中洲, means "center land") was located in the center part of Syuejia District.[5][6]
- Dawan[4] (大灣, means "big bay") was located in the most south part of Syuejia District. Many of the ancestors from here were formally from Dawan, Yongkang District (永康區), Tainan.[6]
- Caodi[4] (草坔, means "grassland with mud") was located in the south-east part of Syuejia District. It got its name because of the low altitude.[6]
- Shanliao[4] (山寮, means "house by the mountain") got its name from the sand dune named cishinshan (七星山) near it.[6][7]
- Zhaizigang[4] (宅仔港) was located in the south-east part of Syuejia District.[5]
- Syuejialiao[4] (學甲寮, means "house by Syuejia")
- Daofengliao (ShinFang)[4] (倒風寮 (新芳), means "house by Daofeng") was located in the north part of Syuejia District.[8] It got its name because it was built on the side of the ancient bay, Daofeng Inland Sea (倒風內海).[6]
5 of them were located in Beimen District nowadays:
- Sanliaowan[4] (三寮灣, means "the bay with three houses") was located in the south-east part of Beimen District, west side of Xidiliao.
- Xidiliao[4] (溪底寮, means "house by the end of the river") was located in the south part of Beimen District. It was once a larger unit, which included four villages: Sanliaowan, Xidiliao, Erchonggang and Luzhugou (蘆竹溝).[9]
- Erchonggang[4] (二重港, means "village with two small harbors[10]") was located in the south-east part of Beimen District,[11] east side of Xidiliao. People living there have the last name Ho (侯).[10]
- Duzitou[4] (渡仔頭, means "the start of the boats landed") was located in the north-west part of Beimen District, by the estuary of Yanshui River (鹽水溪).[9]
- Huiyaogang[4] (灰磘港, means "harbor with many stoves to burn oyster shells[6]") was located in the east part of Beimen District. It got its name because the popular industry there was burning oyster shells into ashes. The ash was an important ingredient for architectures then.[6]
Industry edit
Located by the east side of Taiwan Strait, the villages were deeply influenced by the sea. It formed a culture or lifestyle called the Salt Land Lifestyle (鹽分地帶).[12] Under this lifestyle, each villages had their own unique industries. Most common type of them were Fishery and Agriculture.[13]
Fishery could be seen in villages such as Xidiliao, Duzitou etc.. They breed oysters, milkfish, shrimps, and others.[13]
Agriculture were mostly be seen in areas such as Dawan, Sanliaowan, Erchonggang etc.. The agricultural form there were dry farming because of the salt amount in the soil was too high for most of the plants. They grew garlic, scallion, shallot, corn and such.[12][13]
Apart from these, trading was once very prevalent here.
References edit
- ^ a b "學甲十三庄-中文譯音轉換系統". 中文譯音轉換系統.
- ^ "Peh-oe-ji Tai-gu-bun bang-cham 白話字台語文網站 written Taiwanese Southern-Min". ip194097.ntcu.edu.tw. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
- ^ Huang, Wenbo (1998). 南瀛地名誌·北門區卷 (in Chinese). Tainan: 臺南縣立文化中心. p. 20.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m 中華郵政 (2013-05-15). "中華郵政全球資訊網". 中華郵政. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
- ^ a b c "中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心地理資訊科學研究專題中心 臺灣百年歷史地圖". 2019-06-30. Archived from the original on 2019-06-30. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Huang, Wen-bo (1998). 南瀛地名誌．北門區卷 (in Chinese). Tainan: 臺南縣立文化中心. ISBN 9789860174823.
- ^ 南瀛歷史、社會與文化II (in Chinese). Tainan: 台南市政府文化局. 2010. p. 365. ISBN 9789860236552.
- ^ 臺南市學甲區公所 (2018-09-14). "臺南市學甲區公所資訊網". 臺南市學甲區公所. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
- ^ a b 臺灣堡圖 (in Japanese). 臺灣總督府. 1904.
- ^ a b "二重港侯氏宗祠_上谷堂_北門區志文稿". www.2port.com.tw. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
- ^ 臺南市北門區公所. "臺南市北門區公所". 區公所-北門區. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
- ^ a b 比娜·愛地方·, 吳 (2017-04-01). "鹽分地帶 風土之味／台江歷史、風土與人情的飲食故事". 上下游News&Market (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2022-12-08.
- ^ a b c Tu, Shun-chong (2006). 南瀛產業節慶誌 (in Chinese). Tainan: 台南縣文化局. ISBN 9789570179743.