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 Mousterian Culture and Late Stone Age Stone Tools. Notch for sharpening wood, and denticulate for sawing wood and bone. Rosh En Mor and En Aqev. 250,000-22,000 BP. Israel | |
| Alternative name | Rosh En Mor |
|---|---|
| Altitude | 495 m (1,624 ft) |
| Area | 1200m |
| History | |
| Cultures | Mousterian |
Rosh Ein Mor is a Mousterian archeological site in the Negev Desert, Israel. It is located in the Zin Valley, in the modern En Avdat National Park.[1] The site was uncovered in 1969 by Southern Methodist University's Central Negev Project. [2][3]
Description edit
The site is located at the head of the Zin Valley's Mor Canyon, adjacent to the Ein Avdat Spring. The highest concentration of artifacts can be found in a 1,200m2 space along the cliff side. It is a few kilometers away from several other Paleolithic sites, including Boker, Nahal Aqev, and Boker Tachtit.[4]
History edit
Rosh Ein Mor was a hub of Mousterian lithic industry, as raw flint was crafted into blades and other tools.[5] Over 44,460 artifacts have been found at Rosh Ein Mor.[4] Tools include Levallois stone points, blades, cores, and flakes; burins (engraving tools); sidescrapers; and end-scrapers.[2][6] There are other artifacts, such as fragments of ostrich eggshell, heated flint, and Asiatic wild ass bones.[2] At least one tool, a flint notch, is on display at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.[7]
Using Uranium series dating, the eggshells have been dated to approximately 200,000 years old, while the flint is between approximately 14,000 and 48,000 years old.[3] Calcite crusts on the tools have been dated to 35,000-70,000 years old.[4]
Archaeologists have identified the culture as Neanderthal: Early Levantine Mousterian, of Tabun D type. This designation is based on the high proportion of Upper Paleolithic tools in the site.[3][1] Other analyses, however, suggest the tools are more akin to the late Middle Paleolithic.[4]
The modern archaeological site was first excavated in the 1960s and 1970s by a research team from Southern Methodist University.[2]
References edit
- ^ a b "Ein Avdat National Park". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
- ^ a b c d Marks, Anthony E.; Crew, Harvey L. (December 1972). "Rosh Ein Mor, an Open-Air Mousterian Site in the Central Negev, Israel". Current Anthropology. 13 (15). The University of Chicago Press on behalf of Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research: 591–593. doi:10.1086/201295. JSTOR 2741015. S2CID 143867007.
- ^ a b c Rink, W. J.; Richter, D.; Schwarcz, H. P.; Marks, A. E.; Monigal, K.; Kaufman, D. (2003-02-01). "Age of the Middle Palaeolithic Site of Rosh Ein Mor, Central Negev, Israel: Implications for the Age Range of the Early Levantine Mousterian of the Levantine Corridor". Journal of Archaeological Science. 30 (2): 195–204. Bibcode:2003JArSc..30..195R. doi:10.1006/jasc.2002.0831. ISSN 0305-4403.
- ^ a b c d Goder-Goldberger, Mae; Bar-Matthews, Mira (2019-04-01). "Novel chrono-cultural constraints for the Middle Paleolithic site of Rosh Ein Mor (D15), Israel". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 24: 102–114. Bibcode:2019JArSR..24..102G. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.12.021. ISSN 2352-409X. S2CID 133668890.
- ^ Monigal, Katherine (2002). The Levantine Leptolithic: Blade production from the Lower Paleolithic to the dawn of the Upper Paleolithic. Ann Arbor, United States. ISBN 978-0-496-54926-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Rose, J. I., & Marks, A. E. (2014). “Out of Arabia” and the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition in the southern Levant:„Out of Arabia “und der Übergang vom Mittel-zum Jungpaläolithikum in der Südlichen Levante. Quartär–Internationales Jahrbuch zur Erforschung des Eiszeitalters und der Steinzeit, 61, 49-85.
- ^ "Notch". The Israel Museum, Jerusalem.