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Draft:Josei Tennō

  • Comment: it might help reviewers if you removed the images. Theroadislong (talk) 19:24, 25 January 2024 (UTC)

Josei Tennō (女性天皇) (Empress Regnent)
Creation date686
CreationFor Empress Jitō
Created byEmpress Jitō
First holderEmpress Suiko (Posthumously) Empress Jitō (Officially)
Last holderEmpress Go-Sakuramachi
Subsidiary titlesNone
StatusExtinct (Unless Japan allows female rulers again)
Extinction date 1889 (Under The Imperial House Law of 1889 which bared woman from ruling taken after prussian law)
SupportersAbout 80% of Japanese (according to a survey conducted in 2021.)[1]

Josei Tennō is a Japanese title referring to an Empress regnant. [a][2] Unlike the title Kōgō which can refer to an Empress consort, Regent and Regnent. Josei Tennō may only refer to a Reigning Empress. Tennō may also work for a Reigning Empress.[b]

Empress Suiko, the first empress regnent of Japan.
Empress Suiko, the first empress regnent of Japan.

Origins edit

Before Emperor Tenmu (the first to use Tennō)[3][4] all monarchs were probably called Great King of Yamato (or queen), and not Josei Tennō/Tennō. from Empress Jitō on, The woman were called Josei Tennō and men Tennō.[2][3]

The title (Much like the male equivalent "Tennō") was used to greatly influence the Emperors power, and control. Adding a sort of devine aspect to it. This title was more used only officially. Unofficially woman were typically also been called Tennō.[3][4]


List edit

The list of empress regents are:

Empress Suiko[5]

When Suiko's husband Emperor Bidatsu, died, her brother Emperor Yōmei took the throne. Soon though Yōmei died of illness and so Emperor Sushun took the throne. Sushun was assassinated and so the throne was vacant, in a time of need Suiko became the empress, yet she was probably styled as; Great queen of Yamato. Suiko ruled until her death.[6][7]

Empress Kōgyoku

Kōgyoku reigned a second time as Saimei.[8]

After taking the throne, Kōgyoku was soon forced off due to the Isshi incident, blood was seen as impure and Soga-no-Iruka being killed Infront of the empress, and the empress being the most pure person (being Japan's leader) meant she had to abdicate so it wouldn't stain her reign.[7][9][10]

Kōgyoku would take the throne a second time though as Saimei.[11] She was probably called; Great queen of Yamato.

Empress Jitō[12]

Jitō was the wife of emperor Tenmu, after he died and her son Prince Kusakabe to young to rule Jitō took the throne in his place until he was old enough. When Kusakabe died, Jitō remained as Empress until her grandson came of age.[13] Jitō was the first to use the title "Josei Tennō"[3]

Empress Genmei[14]

The wife of Jitō's son Kusakabe and Jitō's half sister, after Genmei's son died, Genmei became empress, after copper was found nere the capital, a new era in her honour the Wadō (era), was ushered in. The Kojiki was also Completed under her reign.[15]

Empress Genshō[16]

Genshō Helped complete the Nihon Shoki, she was also the only Empress to be preceded by another (Her predecessor being her own mother)[17][18]

Empress Kōken

Kōken reigned a second time as Shōtoku.[19]

Under her first reign, Kōken was basically a puppet for her mother, Empress Kōmyō, the Empress Dowager.[20] Possibly because of this, Kōken would abdicate. Yet soon after Kōken would overthrow the new Emperor and vest all power in herself, becoming Empress Shōtoku. Now Shōtoku, she fell in love with a monk named Dōkyō.[21] Yet when she died, Dōkyō fell from power and was exiled.[22]

Empress Meishō[23]

Meishō only became empress because her father was involved in the Purple Robe Incident and so he had to abdicate.[24] The 5 year-old now Empress, didn't do much as the Shogun system was in place.

Empress Go-Sakuramachi[25]

Same as Meishō were she didn't have much power due to the Shogun. But she was the last Josei Tennō, and she also adopted Emperor Kōkaku as Her own. Empress Go-Sakuramachi died in 1813.[26]

 
Empress Jitō, the first Empress to use "Josei Tennō"

Empress Jingū is not counted among the official monarchs.[c] And Iitoyo's legitimacy (concerning her reign) is mostly made up.[27]

The debate for a possible future Josei Tennō edit

Main article: Japanese imperial succession debate

due to the current Japanese rules of Succession a woman Cannot inherit the throne. Yet there has been calls to allow Aiko, Princess Toshi to become the 9th Empress. To this day there is an ongoing succession debate. An Event was held called "Making Aiko the Imperial heir" witch pushed for the rules to be changed and a new line of succession which would be as follows:

(1) Aiko, Princess Toshi

(2) Fumihito, Prince Akishino

(3) Princess Kako of Akishino

(4) Prince Hisahito of Akishino

(5) Masahito, Prince Hitachi

(6) Princess Akiko of Mikasa

(7) Princess Yōko of Mikasa

(8)Princess Tsuguko of Takamado

[28]

There was Also a Parlement meeting held in December 2023 about the matter.[29] and in February 2024, the former Prime minister Yoshihiko Noda of the Democratic Party of Japan held another Parlement meeting, suggesting woman should be allowed marry without loosing their titles, be the leaders of their own branch of the Imperial family, and possibly rule. [30] to this day Princess Sumiko remains one of the only woman to lead a branch of the Imperial family. [31] On march 15th 2024 there were more discussions about allowing woman to rule.[32] With discussions of woman being aloud to retain there titles upon marrige on March 18th.[33][34]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Josei Tennō (女性天皇) literally means "female heavenly emperor"
  2. ^ Along with "Tennō" Jotei (女帝) may also Refer to an Empress Regnent, but of another country and not Japan. It literally means "female emperor"
  3. ^ Jingū is only sometime referred to as "Tennō" (天皇) and is typically referred to only as a Regent, thus she doesn't count as a Josei Tennō either

References edit

  1. ^ "80% of Japanese support a reigning empress as pool of heirs shrinks". May 2021.
  2. ^ a b Cherry, Kittredge (2016-11-14). Womansword: What Japanese Words Say About Women. Stone Bridge Press. ISBN 978-1-61172-919-1.
  3. ^ a b c d "Tennō | Emperor, Imperial, Japan | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
  4. ^ a b Henshall, Kenneth (2013-11-07). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7872-3.
  5. ^ "-天皇陵-推古天皇 磯長山田陵(すいこてんのう しながのやまだのみささぎ)". kunaicho.go.jp. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  6. ^ Varley, p. 126.
  7. ^ a b Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 46.
  8. ^ "-天皇陵-". kunaicho.go.jp. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  9. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 50.
  10. ^ Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. Society. 1896. ISBN 978-0-524-05347-8.
  11. ^ Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon (in French). Oriental Translation Fund. 1834.
  12. ^ "-天皇陵-持統天皇 檜隈大内陵(じとうてんのう ひのくまのおおうちのみささぎ)". kunaicho.go.jp. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  13. ^ Varley, H. Paul. Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 137.
  14. ^ "-天皇陵-元明天皇 奈保山東陵(げんめいてんのう なほやまのひがしのみささぎ)". kunaicho.go.jp. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  15. ^ Titsingh, p. 63.
  16. ^ "-天皇陵-稱徳天皇 高野陵(しょうとくてんのう たかののみささぎ)". kunaicho.go.jp. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  17. ^ Titsingh, pp. 64–65.
  18. ^ Yoshida, Reiji (2007-03-27). "Life in the cloudy Imperial fishbowl". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  19. ^ "-天皇陵-明正天皇 月輪陵(めいしょうてんのう つきのわのみささぎ)". kunaicho.go.jp. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  20. ^ Mulhern, Chieko Irie (July 1991). Heroic with Grace: Legendary Women of Japan. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-3265-4.
  21. ^ "Dokyo | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
  22. ^ Ooms, Herman (2009). Imperial politics and symbolics in ancient Japan : the Tenmu dynasty, 650-800. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 237–241.
  23. ^ "-天皇陵-仁孝天皇 後月輪陵(にんこうてんのう のちのつきのわのみささぎ)". kunaicho.go.jp. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  24. ^ 三訂版, 精選版 日本国語大辞典,デジタル大辞泉,日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ),百科事典マイペディア,改訂新版 世界大百科事典,山川 日本史小辞典 改訂新版,ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典,旺文社日本史事典. "紫衣事件(しえじけん)とは？ 意味や使い方". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-01-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ "-天皇陵-仁孝天皇 後月輪陵(にんこうてんのう のちのつきのわのみささぎ)". kunaicho.go.jp. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  26. ^ Meyer, Eva-Maria (1999). Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867 (in German). Lit. ISBN 978-3-8258-3939-0.
  27. ^ Brinkley, F. (Frank) (1915). A history of the Japanese people from the earliest times to the end of the Meiji era. New York, London: Encyclopædia Britannica Co., University of Michigan.
  28. ^ "Aiko on the Throne? Event Seeks to Pave the Way for a Female Emperor". nippon.com. 2023-09-25. Retrieved 2024-02-28.
  29. ^ INC, SANKEI DIGITAL (2023-12-19). "皇位継承議論促進へ 額賀福志郎衆院議長が各党に意見集約要請". 産経ニュース (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-02-28.
  30. ^ "女性宮家「緊急的な課題」 立民検討委の皇位継承案". nippon.com (in Japanese). 2024-02-20. Retrieved 2024-02-28.
  31. ^ Donald Keene, Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852-1912, 2010
  32. ^ 内藤 慎二, 永原 慎吾 (2024-03-15). "動くか皇位継承、与野党の議論本格化 政府は制度精通の内閣官房参与復帰の異例人事". 産経ニュース (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-04-12.
  33. ^ "女性皇族が「結婚後も皇族の身分保持」案におおむね賛同 自民・皇室に関する懇談会｜FNNプライムオンライン". FNNプライムオンライン. 2024-03-18. Retrieved 2024-04-12.
  34. ^ "安定的な皇位継承 "女性皇族が婚姻後も残る案"異論出ず | TBS NEWS DIG (1ページ)". TBS NEWS DIG (in Japanese). 2024-03-18. Retrieved 2024-04-12.
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