Draft:Global Campaign against Headache

  • Comment: Couldn't help noticing that TJ Steiner is a (co-)author of almost every one of the sources cited, raising potential concerns of WP:COI and/or WP:NPOV. -- DoubleGrazing (talk) 13:08, 3 November 2023 (UTC)
  • Comment: Even though there is no requirement for online references, if the refs you choose are available online please link to them. You can't expect a reviewer or a reader to go on a paper chase. Since this was launched in 2004 all references will be available online. 🇺🇦 FiddleTimtrent FaddleTalk to me 🇺🇦 12:56, 3 November 2023 (UTC)


The Global Campaign against Headache is an international collaboration between the World Health Organization (WHO)[1], nongovernmental organizations, academic institutions and individuals [2]. Its purpose is to reduce the burden of headache worldwide.

Headache disorders, including migraine, are globally the third highest non-fatal cause of lost health (sometimes expressed as years lost to disability YLDs)[3][4]. The associated financial costs, both to people affected and to national economies, are very large [5]. These – lost health and financial costs – are the burden of headache [6].

Formally launched in Copenhagen in 2004 [7], the Global Campaign has been led since 2009 by Lifting The Burden, a nongovernmental organization registered by the Charity Commission for England and Wales[8], with its academic base at Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) [9].

Objectives edit

The Global Campaign’s purpose is achieved through three principal objectives.

The first objective is to know the size and nature of the headache problem. In 2004, when the Global Campaign commenced its activities, very little was known of the prevalence or burden of any headache disorder for more than half the people of the world: most of those living outside Western Europe or North America[10]. The first objective is being achieved in two steps: bringing together all of the published worldwide evidence of the burden attributable to headache, and, where the available evidence is lacking or of poor quality, setting up new studies – population-based in adults, and schools-based in children and adolescents, developing and using standardized consensus-based methodologies[11][12].

The Campaign uses this knowledge in pursuit of its second objective: full awareness, among governments and other health-policy makers, of the burdens of lost health and wellbeing attributable to headache disorders [13] and of their historic under-treatment everywhere [14]. This objective is being strongly promoted through the Campaign’s collaborations with WHO [15] and with the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation in the Global Burden of Disease Study [16].

The third objective, and the ultimate purpose of the Global Campaign [2], is to propose a health-care solution for headache that may be implemented by policy makers everywhere [17]. This solution must be evidence-based, equitable and feasible, adaptable in accordance with local systems, resources and needs, and economically justified [18] [19] [20]. Since the management of most headache belongs in primary care [17][21], the health-care solution in all countries is structured headache services based in, and integrated with, primary care services [17]. Better diagnosis and better care within these services are fostered through education of (non-expert) health-care providers in primary care[22][23], supported by a range of clinical management aids [24], and maintained through application of validated quality measures[25][26].

Studies of prevalence and burden edit

Studies of headache prevalence and attributed burden conducted within the Global Campaign
Africa, adult Year N Comments Status
Ethiopia 2016 2385 Representative areas Published [27][28]
Zambia 2015 1085 Representative areas Published[29][30]
Malawi 2022 498 In HIV-positive population Published[31]
Benin 2024 2400 Representative areas Published[32]
Cameroon 2024 3100 Representative areas Published[33]
Mali Nationwide In analysis[34]
Morocco 2024 3474 Representative areas Published[35]
Africa, children and adolescents Year N Comments Status
Ethiopia 2020 2344 Schools-based, representative areas Published[36]
Zambia 2022 2089 Schools-based, representative areas Published[37]
Benin In analysis[34]
Americas, adult Year N Comments Status
Brazil Representative areas Planned[38]
Peru 2024 2149 Representative areas Published[39]
Americas, children and adolescents Year N Comments Status
Brazil Schools-based, representative areas Planned[38]
Asia Year N Comments Status
Saudi Arabia 2020 2316 Nationwide Published[40]
Pakistan 2017 4233 Nationwide Published[41][42]
India South 2015 2329 Karnataka State Published[43]
Nepal 2015 2100 Nationwide Published[44][45]
China 2012 5041 Nationwide study Published[46]
Mongolia 2020 4266 Nationwide Published[47]
India North 2066 Delhi and North Capital Region In analysis[48]
Asia, children and adolescents Year N Comments Status
Iran 2022 3244 Schools-based, representative areas Published[49]
Mongolia 2020 4266 Schools-based, representative areas Published[50]
Cambodia Planned[38]
Nepal In analysis[34]
Europe, adults Year N Comments Status
Georgia 2009 1145 Not using HARDSHIP Published[51]
Russia 2012 2025 Nationwide Published[52][53]
Lithuania 2017 573 Eurolight Published[54]
France 2014 876 Eurolight, not fully population-based Published[55]
Germany 2014 318 Eurolight, not fully population-based Published[55]
Austria 2014 644 Eurolight, not fully population-based Published[55]
Italy 2014 487 Eurolight, not fully population-based Published[55]
Luxembourg 2014 1833 Eurolight, not fully population-based Published[55]
The Netherlands 2014 2414 Eurolight, not fully population-based Published[55]
Spain 2014 999 Eurolight, not fully population-based Published[55]
UK 2014 127 Eurolight, not fully population-based Published[55]
Europe, children and adolescents Year N Comments Status
Austria 2019 3470 Adolescents only Published[56]
Lithuania 2020 2505 Schools-based, representative areas Published[57][58]
Estonia Schools-based, representative areas Planned[38]
Georgia Schools-based, representative areas In progress[38]
Serbia Schools-based, representative areas In analysis[34]
Turkey Schools-based, representative areas Partly published[59]

References edit

  1. ^ World Health Organisation - Headache disorders - WHO response
  2. ^ a b Steiner TJ, Birbeck GL, Jensen RH, Martelletti P, Stovner LJ, Uluduz D, Leonardi M, Olesen J, Katsarava Z. The Global Campaign turns 18: a brief review of its activities and achievements. J Headache Pain 2022; 23: 49.
  3. ^ Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi M et al. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396: 1204-1222.
  4. ^ Steiner TJ, Birbeck GL, Jensen RH, Katsarava Z, Stovner LJ, Martelletti P. Headache disorders are third cause of disability worldwide. J Headache Pain 2015; 16: 58.
  5. ^ Linde M, Gustavsson A, Stovner LJ, Steiner TJ, Barré J, Katsarava Z, Lainez JM, Lampl C, Lantéri-Minet M, Rastenyte D, Ruiz de la Torre E, Tassorelli C, Andrée C. The cost of headache disorders in Europe: the Eurolight project. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19: 703-711.
  6. ^ Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ. Headache-attributed burden: its qualitative components. Ch 4 in: Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ (eds). Societal impact of headache. Burden, costs and response. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, pp 29-36, 2019.
  7. ^ Steiner TJ. Lifting the burden: the global campaign against headache. Lancet Neurol 2004; 3: 204-205
  8. ^ Charity Commission for England and Wales - Lifting the Burden
  9. ^ Norwegian University of Science and Technology - Global Campaign against Headache
  10. ^ Stovner LJ, Hagen K, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, Lipton RB, Scher AI, Steiner TJ, Zwart J-A. The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide. Cephalalgia 2007; 27: 193-210.
  11. ^ Stovner LJ, Al Jumah M, Birbeck GL, Gururaj G, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, Queiroz LP, Scher AI, Tekle-Haimanot R, Wang SJ, Steiner TJ. The methodology of population surveys of headache prevalence, burden and cost: Principles and recommendations from the Global Campaign against Headache. J Headache Pain 2014; 15: 5.
  12. ^ Wöber-Bingöl C, Wöber C, Uluduz D, Uygunoğlu U, Aslan TS, Kernmayer M, Zesch H-E, Gerges NTA, Wagner G, Siva A, Steiner TJ. The global burden of headache in children and adolescents – developing a questionnaire and methodology for a global study. J Headache Pain 2014; 15: 86.
  13. ^ Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Vos T, Jensen R, Katsarava Z. Migraine is first cause of disability in under 50s: will health politicians now take notice? (editorial). J Headache Pain 2018; 19: 17.
  14. ^ Saxena S, Steiner TJ (eds) on behalf of World Health Organization and Lifting The Burden. Atlas of headache disorders and resources in the world, 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011.
  15. ^ Steiner TJ, Birbeck GL, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, Martelletti P, Stovner LJ. The Global Campaign, World Health Organization and Lifting The Burden: collaboration in action. J Headache Pain 2011; 12: 273-274.
  16. ^ Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Global burden of disease (GBD)
  17. ^ a b c Steiner TJ, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, Stovner LJ, Uluduz D, Adarmouch L, Al Jumah M, Al Khathaami AM, Ashina M, Braschinsky M, Broner S, Eliasson JH, Gil-Gouveia R, Gómez-Galván JB, Gudmundsson LS, Herekar AA, Kawatu N, Kissani N, Kulkarni GB, Lebedeva ER, Leonardi M, Linde M, Luvsannorov O, Maiga Y, Milanov I, Mitsikostas DD, Musayev T, Olesen J, Osipova V, Paemeleire K, Peres MFP, Quispe G, Rao GN, Risal A, Ruiz de la Torre E, Saylor D, Togha M, Yu S-Y, Zebenigus M, Zenebe Zewde Y, Zidverc-Trajković J, Tinelli M on behalf of Lifting The Burden: the Global Campaign against Headache. Structured headache services as the solution to the ill-health burden of headache. 1. Rationale and description. J Headache Pain 2021; 22: 78.
  18. ^ Linde M, Steiner TJ, Chisholm D. Cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions for migraine in four low- and middle-income countries. J Headache Pain 2015; 16: 15.
  19. ^ Tinelli M, Leonardi M, Paemeleire K, Mitsikostas D, Ruiz de la Torre E, Steiner TJ, on behalf of the European Brain Council Value of Treatment Headache Working Group, the European Headache Federation, the European Federation of Neurological Associations and Lifting The Burden: the Global Campaign against Headache. Structured headache services as the solution to the ill-health burden of headache. 2. Modelling effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of implementation in Europe: Methodology. J Headache Pain 2021; 22: 99.
  20. ^ Tinelli M, Leonardi M, Paemeleire K, Raggi A, Mitsikostas D, Ruiz de la Torre E, Steiner TJ, on behalf of the European Brain Council Value of Treatment Headache Working Group, the European Headache Federation, the European Federation of Neurological Associations and Lifting The Burden: the Global Campaign against Headache. Structured headache services as the solution to the ill-health burden of headache. 3. Modelling effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of implementation in Europe: Findings and conclusions. J Headache Pain 2021; 22: 90.
  21. ^ Ashina M, Katsarava Z, Do TP, Buse DC, Pozo-Rosich P, Özge A, Krymchantowski AV, Lebedeva ER, Ravishankar K, Yu S, Sacco S, Ashina S, Younis S, Steiner TJ, Lipton RB. Migraine: epidemiology and systems of care. Lancet 2021; 397: 1485-1495.
  22. ^ Braschinsky M, Haldre S, Kals M, Iofik A, Kivisild A, Korjas J, Koljal S, Katsarava Z, Steiner TJ. Structured education can improve primary-care management of headache: the first empirical evidence, from a controlled interventional study. J Headache Pain 2016; 17: 24.
  23. ^ Braschinsky M, Haldre S, Kals M, Arge M, Saar B, Niibek M, Katsarava Z, Steiner TJ. Structured education to improve primary-care management of headache: how long do the benefits last? A follow-up observational study. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25: 497-502.
  24. ^ Steiner TJ, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, Linde M, MacGregor EA, Osipova V, Paemeleire K, Olesen J, Peters M, Martelletti P on behalf of the European Headache Federation and Lifting The Burden: the Global Campaign against Headache. Aids to management of headache disorders in primary care (2nd edition). J Headache Pain 2019; 20: 57.
  25. ^ Schramm S, Uluduz D, Gil Gouveia R, Jensen R, Siva A, Uygunoglu U, Gvantsa G, Mania M, Braschinsky M, Filatova E, Latysheva N, Osipova V, Skorobogatykh K, Azimova J, Straube A, Emre Eren O, Martelletti P, De Angelis V, Negro A, Linde M, Hagen K, Radojicic A, Zidverc-Trajkovic J, Podgorac A, Paemeleire K, De Pue A, Lampl C, Steiner TJ, Katsarava Z. Headache service quality: evaluation of quality indicators in 14 specialist-care centres. J Headache Pain 2016; 17: 111.
  26. ^ Lenz B, Katsarava Z, Gil-Gouveia R, Karelis G, Kaynarkaya B, Meksa L, Oliveira E, Palavra F, Rosendo I, Sahin M, Silva B, Uludüz D, Ural YZ, Varsberga-Apsite I, Zengin ST, Zvaune L, Steiner TJ on behalf of European Headache Federation and Lifting The Burden: the Global Campaign against Headache (2021) Headache service quality evaluation: implementation of quality indicators in primary care in Europe. J Headache Pain 2021; 22: 33.
  27. ^ Zebenigus, Mehila; Tekle-Haimanot, Redda; Worku, Dawit K.; Thomas, Hallie; Steiner, Timothy J. (December 2016). "The prevalence of primary headache disorders in Ethiopia". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 17 (1): 110. doi:10.1186/s10194-016-0704-z. ISSN 1129-2377. PMC 5142157. PMID 27924616.
  28. ^ Zebenigus, Mehila; Tekle-Haimanot, Redda; Worku, Dawit K.; Thomas, Hallie; Steiner, Timothy J. (December 2017). "The burden of headache disorders in Ethiopia: national estimates from a population-based door-to-door survey". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 18 (1): 58. doi:10.1186/s10194-017-0765-7. ISSN 1129-2377. PMC 5445036. PMID 28547735.
  29. ^ Mbewe, E., Zairemthiama, P., Paul, R., Birbeck, G. L. & Steiner, T. J. The burden of primary headache disorders in Zambia: national estimates from a population-based door-to-door survey. J Headache Pain 16, 513, doi:10.1186/s10194-015-0513-9 (2015)
  30. ^ Mbewe, E. et al. The epidemiology of primary headache disorders in Zambia: a population-based door-to-door survey. J Headache Pain 16, 515, doi:10.1186/s10194-015-0515-7 (2015).
  31. ^ Leone, M. et al. Burden of headache in a HIV-positive population of sub-Saharan Africa. Cephalalgia 42, 918-925, doi:10.1177/03331024221088994 (2022).
  32. ^ Adoukonou, Thierry; Agbetou, Mendinatou; Dettin, Eric; Kossi, Oyene; Husøy, Andreas; Thomas, Hallie; Houinato, Dismand; Steiner, Timothy J. (2024-04-05). "The prevalence and demographic associations of headache in the adult population of Benin: a cross-sectional population-based study". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 25 (1): 52. doi:10.1186/s10194-024-01760-z. ISSN 1129-2377. PMC 10996250. PMID 38580904.
  33. ^ Kuate Tegueu, Callixte; Dzudie Tamdja, Anastase; Kom, Franklin; Forgwa Barche, Blaise; Ebasone, Peter; Magnerou, Mélanie; Mbonda, Paul; Doumbe, Jacques; Husøy, Andreas; Thomas, Hallie; Steiner, Timothy J. (2024-03-21). "Headache in the adult population of Cameroon: prevalence estimates and demographic associations from a cross-sectional nationwide population-based study". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 25 (1): 42. doi:10.1186/s10194-024-01748-9. ISSN 1129-2377. PMC 10956204. PMID 38515027.
  34. ^ a b c d Steiner, Timothy J.; Husøy, Andreas; Thomas, Hallie; Stovner, Lars Jacob (2023-03-06). "The HARDSHIP databases: a forthcoming free good from the Global Campaign against Headache". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 24 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/s10194-023-01554-9. ISSN 1129-2377. PMC 9986863. PMID 36879195.
  35. ^ Kissani, Najib; Adarmouch, Latifa; Sidibe, Aboubacar Sidik; Garmane, Abderrahmane; Founoun, Rachid; Chraa, Mohamed; Thomas, Hallie; Husøy, Andreas; Steiner, Timothy J. (2024-04-03). "The prevalence of headache in the adult population of Morocco: a cross-sectional population-based study". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 25 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s10194-024-01761-y. ISSN 1129-2377. PMC 10988954. PMID 38565983.
  36. ^ Zewde, Y. Z. et al. The prevalence of headache disorders in children and adolescents in Ethiopia: a schools-based study. J Headache Pain 21, 108, doi:10.1186/s10194-020-01179-2 (2020).
  37. ^ Kawatu, N. et al. The prevalence of primary headache disorders in children and adolescents in Zambia: a schools-based study. J Headache Pain 23, 118, doi:10.1186/s10194-022-01477-x (2022).
  38. ^ a b c d e Steiner, Timothy J.; Birbeck, Gretchen L.; Jensen, Rigmor H.; Martelletti, Paolo; Stovner, Lars Jacob; Uluduz, Derya; Leonardi, Matilde; Olesen, Jes; Katsarava, Zaza (2022-04-21). "The Global Campaign turns 18: a brief review of its activities and achievements". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 23 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s10194-022-01420-0. ISSN 1129-2377. PMC 9022610. PMID 35448941.
  39. ^ Quispe, Guiovanna; Loza, Cesar; Limaco, Luis; Gallegos, Ruth; Palomino, Carlos; Cruz, Ivett; Miranda, Jacqueline; Rodriguez, Liliana; Husøy, Andreas; Steiner, Timothy J. (2024-04-03). "The prevalence and demographic associations of headache in the adult population of Peru: a national cross-sectional population-based study". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 25 (1): 48. doi:10.1186/s10194-024-01759-6. ISSN 1129-2377. PMC 10988909. PMID 38566009.
  40. ^ Al Jumah, M. et al. The prevalence of primary headache disorders in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional population-based study. J Headache Pain 21, 11, doi:10.1186/s10194-020-1081-1 (2020).
  41. ^ Herekar, A. D. et al. The burden of headache disorders in Pakistan: methodology of a population-based nationwide study, and questionnaire validation. J Headache Pain 14, 73, doi:10.1186/1129-2377-14-73 (2013).
  42. ^ Herekar, A. A. et al. Primary headache disorders in the adult general population of Pakistan - a cross sectional nationwide prevalence survey. J Headache Pain 18, 28, doi:10.1186/s10194-017-0734-1 (2017).
  43. ^ Kulkarni, G. B., Rao, G. N., Gururaj, G., Stovner, L. J. & Steiner, T. J. Headache disorders and public ill-health in India: prevalence estimates in Karnataka State. J Headache Pain 16, 67, doi:10.1186/s10194-015-0549-x (2015).
  44. ^ Manandhar, K., Risal, A., Steiner, T. J., Holen, A. & Linde, M. The prevalence of primary headache disorders in Nepal: a nationwide population-based study. J Headache Pain 16, 95, doi:10.1186/s10194-015-0580-y (2015).
  45. ^ Manandhar, K., Risal, A., Linde, M. & Steiner, T. J. The burden of headache disorders in Nepal: estimates from a population-based survey. J Headache Pain 17, 3, doi:10.1186/s10194-016-0594-0 (2015).
  46. ^ Yu, S. et al. The prevalence and burden of primary headaches in China: a population-based door-to-door survey. Headache 52, 582-591 (2012).
  47. ^ Luvsannorov, O. et al. Primary headache disorders among the adult population of Mongolia: prevalences and associations from a population-based survey. J Headache Pain 20, 114, doi:10.1186/s10194-019-1061-5 (2019).
  48. ^ Duggal, Ashish; Chowdhury, Debashish; Krishnan, Anand; Amarchand, Ritvik; Steiner, Timothy J. (2024-03-19). "The burden of headache disorders in North India: methodology, and validation of a Hindi version of the HARDSHIP questionnaire, for a community-based survey in Delhi and national capital territory region". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 25 (1): 41. doi:10.1186/s10194-024-01746-x. ISSN 1129-2377. PMC 10949646. PMID 38504182.
  49. ^ Togha, Mansoureh; Rafiee, Pegah; Ghorbani, Zeinab; Khosravi, Alireza; Şaşmaz, Tayyar; Akıcı Kale, Derya; Uluduz, Derya; Steiner, Timothy J (October 2022). "The prevalence of headache disorders in children and adolescents in Iran: a schools-based study". Cephalalgia. 42 (11–12): 1246–1254. doi:10.1177/03331024221103814. ISSN 0333-1024. PMID 35818307.
  50. ^ Luvsannorov, O. et al. The prevalence of headache disorders in children and adolescents in Mongolia: a nationwide schools-based study. J Headache Pain 21, 107, doi:10.1186/s10194-020-01175-6 (2020).
  51. ^ Katsarava, Z. et al. Primary headache disorders in the Republic of Georgia: Prevalence and risk factors. Neurology 73, 1796-1803, doi:73/21/1796 [pii] 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c34abb (2009).
  52. ^ Ayzenberg, I. et al. Headache-attributed burden and its impact on productivity and quality of life in Russia: structured healthcare for headache is urgently needed. Eur J Neurol 21, 758-765, doi:10.1111/ene.12380 (2014).
  53. ^ Ayzenberg, I. et al. The prevalence of primary headache disorders in Russia: a countrywide survey. Cephalalgia 32, 373-381, doi:10.1177/0333102412438977 (2012).
  54. ^ Rastenyte, D. et al. Prevalence and burden of headache disorders in Lithuania and their public-health and policy implications: a population-based study within the Eurolight Project. J Headache Pain 18, 53, doi:10.1186/s10194-017-0759-5 (2017).
  55. ^ a b c d e f g h Steiner, T. J. et al. The impact of headache in Europe: principal results of the Eurolight project. J Headache Pain 15, 31, doi:10.1186/1129-2377-15-31 (2014).
  56. ^ Philipp, J. et al. Prevalence and burden of headache in children and adolescents in Austria - a nationwide study in a representative sample of pupils aged 10-18 years. J Headache Pain 20, 101, doi:10.1186/s10194-019-1050-8 (2019).
  57. ^ Genc, D. et al. The prevalence of headache disorders in children and adolescents in Lithuania: a schools-based study. J Headache Pain 21, 73, doi:10.1186/s10194-020-01146-x (2020).
  58. ^ Genc, D. et al. The burden attributable to headache disorders in children and adolescents in Lithuania: estimates from a national schools-based study. J Headache Pain 22, 24, doi:10.1186/s10194-021-01237-3 (2021).
  59. ^ Wober, C. et al. Undifferentiated headache: broadening the approach to headache in children and adolescents, with supporting evidence from a nationwide school-based cross-sectional survey in Turkey. J Headache Pain 19, 18, doi:10.1186/s10194-018-0847-1 (2018).

External links edit