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Draft:G.S. Gupta


Gopal Saran Gupta (G.S. Gupta), an Indian educationist-cum-scientist, is the co-founder of the Department of Biophysics of Panjab University (PU), Chandigarh, where he joined as lecturer (Assistant Professor) in 1966 and retired as a Professor in July 1996. He was Chairman of the Department from April 1984 to March 1987. After working in Emeritus capacity of different National agencies, Gupta was honored and selected as Professor-Emeritus at the parent Department of PU in 2015.

G.S. Gupta
BornNovember 15, 1934
Tilhar, Uttar Pradesh
EducationM.Sc. Physical Chemistry (Lucknow University)

M.Sc. Biochemistry (Lucknow University)

Ph.D. Biophysics (Panjab University)
Alma materD.A.V. College, Kanpur

Lucknow University, Lucknow

Panjab University, Chandigarh
Occupation(s)Teaching and Research
SpouseRam Kishori Gupta
Children4

Education edit

G. S. Gupta was born on November 15, 1934 in Tilhar, a town in Dist Shahjahanpur in state of Uttar Pradesh (India). He got his early education from L.B.J..P. Inter College, Tilhar for High School (1951). After completing his Intermediate science examination in 1953 from B. N. S. D. College, Kanpur he passed B. Sc. in 1955 from D.A.V. College, Kanpur, affiliated to Agra University Agra. Gupta holds dual Master’s degrees in Chemistry with specialization in Physical Chemistry (1957) and Biochemistry (1958) from Lucknow University, Lucknow. He completed his Ph. D. in Biophysics on “Physicochemical Studies on Normal and Irradiated Mammalian Testes”[1] from PU, Chandigarh (India) in 1974. He has described his early life in his Autobiography “In Search of a Scientific Truth:” by G. S. Gupta (2019)[2].

Professional Career edit

Soon after completion of his dual post-graduation from Lucknow University in 1958, Gupta started his professional career as a lecturer and postgraduate teacher of Physical Chemistry in postgraduate colleges, mainly Meerut College, Meerut, affiliated to Agra University, Agra. In 1964 he joined the faculty of the Department of Biochemistry as Tutor at the Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (PGI), Chandigarh, from where he joined the Department of Biophysics of PU in September 1966 as Lecturer (Assistant Professor). Since 1966, Gupta is associated with the teaching and research in the field of Biophysical Chemistry and Molecular Biology/Molecular Biophysics[3][4][5][6][7][8].

As a researcher, he has made significant research contribution in the field of Reproductive Molecular Biology[3][7][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], Molecular Radiation Biology[8][27][28][29][30] and Lectinology[4][5] and published more than 200 research articles including thematic reviews in international journals and Books (Springer)[3][4][5] (see Dr. G. S. Gupta, Chandigarh on Google Scholar). In search of an immunocontraceptive (an immunologically specific protein for control of human population by immunization) he has worked as a researcher at different institutions including Department of Molecular Biosciences at Northwestern University, Evanston, Il (USA) as WHO fellow, and Centre of Immunopathology and Experimental Immunology at INSERM U-23, Paris and the Center of Cytogenetics and Immunogenetics (INSERM U-58) Villejuif, as Senior INSERM Scientist[2].

In search of an immunocontraceptive, Gupta’s experimental approach included the state-of-art technology for purification of a series of enzymes such as testicular hyaluronidase, glycosidases and lactate dehydrogenase-C (LDH-C, the sub-unit of LDH-C4, a testis/sperm specific protein) to homogeneity from murine testes and human semen[6][7][9][10][11][12][13], and fractionation of proteins from murine placenta[14][15]. These proteins were characterized for their physicochemical properties, their immunological specificities, and tested for biological functions (see references). Results showed that LDH-C[15] plays its role in the protection of embryo and not resorption after immunization, in addition to its known function in sperm motility. On the other hand, in its native form, LDH-C does not offer any application in immunocontraception[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Unfortunately, despite the best efforts of WHO, Population Council and other international agencies, presently there is no reliable testis or sperm specific protein/antigen that could be utilized as an immunocontraceptive agent in human males or females. Moreover, specificity of LDH-C has been challenged and its presence has been shown in female reproductive tract and in different types of cancers[31][32].

In the recent years, the role of LDH-A and its end product of glycolysis, ‘lactate’ have been redefined in most of the diseases[32] by us, and the lactate is considered as a metabolic hallmark of cancer (G. S. Gupta, Clinics in Oncology 2:1375-1377, 2017). A similar role of LDH-C can be predicted in early stages of Spermatogenesis[3].

Books by G. S. Gupta

Gupta is the author of books as: (1) Proteomics of Spermatogenesis (2005, Springer, NY)[3] of research level wherein he contributed 34 thematic reviews on sperm specific proteins/enzymes as a single author, and (2) Animal Lectins: Form, Function, and Clinical Applications (Volume 1 and 2), Springer Verlag, Wien/Heidelberg, 2012[4][5], containing 46 reviews.

  1. G. S. Gupta: Proteomics of Spermatogenesis, Springer, New York (USA), pp. 1-837 (34 original reviews on germ cell specific iso-proteins), 2005.
  2. G. S. Gupta:  Animal Lectins: Form, Function, and Clinical Applications. Volume 1, pp 3-468 (Reviews 1-21), Springer Verlag, Wien/Heidelberg, 2012.
  3. G. S. Gupta:  Animal Lectins: Form, Function, and Clinical Applications. Volume 2, pp 473-1061 (Reviews 22-46), Springer Verlag . Wien/Heidelberg, 2012.
  4. G. S. Gupta: In Search of a Scientific Truth – Autobiography, 2019, Amazon.com

Thematic Reviews edit

Gupta contributed 34 thematic reviews on sperm specific proteins in Proteomics of Spermatogenesis (2005, Springer, NY)[2] as a single author. His another book“Animal Lectins: Form, functions and Clinical Applications” published in 2012 in 2 Volumes (Springer, Germany)[4][5] with 46 thematic reviews is internationally acclaimed.

Proteomics of Spermatogenesis

Proteomics of Spermatogenesis focuses mainly on the description of those specialized proteins, which are dominantly and/or specifically expressed in germ cells and finally localized in spermatozoa. In Proteomics of Spermatogenesis[3], Gupta classified proteins of Spermatogenic cells with a view of their functions, and their applications in the regulation of fertility and in the understanding infertility. The understanding of structural properties of male germ cell specific proteins like Lactate Dehydrogenase-C (LDH-C, a Cancer-Testis Antigen) and/or other molecules offer vulnerable points for targeted intervention in testis functions without generalized effects on stages of spermatogenesis. Besides targeted action in male germ cells, sperm specific proteins and polypeptides also offer potential application in the development of a contraceptive vaccine[15][21]. The book containing 34 reviews presented by Gupta is first of its kind which is recognized globally as proteomics of an organ system.

Further Reading

  • G. S. Gupta. The Lactate and the Lactate Dehydrogenase in Inflammatory Diseases and Major Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients. Inflammation 45: 1-33 (2022)
  • G. S. Gupta. LDH-C4: A Target with Therapeutic Potential of Cancer and Contraception. Molec Cell  Biochem. (2012) (August 15 online)/ 371: 115-127 (2012).

Animal Lectins: Form, Functions and Clinical Applications

Lectins are proteins that have specific recognition and binding properties for complex carbohydrates of glycoconjugates which mediate a variety of biological processes, such as cell–cell adhesion, host–pathogen interactions, and innate immune responses[4][5][33]. They do not belong to the class of enzymes or antibody. Lectins are universally present in nature from microbes to vertebrates. The book on Animal Lectins: Form, Functions and Clinical Applications[4][5], in two volumes is essentially an Encyclopedia of Animal Lectins, classified into 15 families, based on the presence of structural domains/organizations. Internationally acclaimed, the book is suitable for researchers working in the areas of glycobiology, immunology and animal sciences and contains 46 reviews. The clinical significance of animal lectins in inflammatory diseases, defects of immune defense and autoimmunity are well described, and their applications as drugs and therapeutic targets discussed. With the increasing interest in lectins in biomedical research and their therapeutic applications, the book on animal lectins and associated protein cofactors is a must for researchers working in the areas of glycobiology. It describes the principles of enzyme-replacement therapy in patients suffering from lysosomal storage diseases, lectin replacement therapy and applications of lectins in drug targeting in pathological states. Role of animal lectins such as mannose binding lectin (MBL) in the regulation of Complement System, and their association with pathogens in viral diseases such as COVID-19 has been illustrated[33].

Further Reading

  • A. Gupta and G.S. Gupta. Applications of Mannose‑binding Lectins and Mannan Glycoconjugates in Nanomedicine. J Nanopart Res 24; 228.Published online 2022 Nov 4. doi: 10.1007/s11051-022-05594-1
  • A Gupta and G. S. Gupta (2021) Status of Mannose‑binding lectin (MBL) and Complement System in COVID‑19 patients and Therapeutic Applications of Antiviral Plant MBLs. Mole Cell Biochem 476, 2917-2942 (2021)   

Legacy edit

Biophysics is an interdisciplinary life science that uses principals and methods traditionally used in physics to study biological sciences. The subject covers all scales of biological organization, from molecules to whole organisms. Biophysical researches share significant overlap with biochemistry, molecular biology, system biology and other sciences (Wikipedia). Requirement of the background knowledge of different sciences makes Biophysics as a toughest science. With a vision to strengthen the field of Basic Medical Sciences of PU, Biophysics Department started both undergraduate and postgraduate courses under the framework of Honors School System. The Department approved in 1964, enrolled students for B.Sc. (Hon. School) class for the session of 1965 followed by M.Sc. (Hon. School) class in 1968. Initially, with very limited facilities and faculty of 3 members, we imparted the teaching with emphasis in areas of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Molecular Biology, Radiation Biophysics, and Medical Biophysics. The Biophysics, being in infancy in India and the non-availability of specialized teachers in 1960’s across the country, the teaching of Biophysics at PU was challenging and pains taking. Yet, the job placements of the alumni from the first batch of Biophysics were commendable, and many of them occupied coveted positions in academia, medical and research institutes in India and abroad. First of its kind among Indian Universities, the Biophysics Department of PU continues to progress and its alumni occupy suitable positions. In recognition, Panjab University Alumni Association, Chandigarh recognized the department with Dr. Gupta as a Distinguished Alumnus of PU at the Global meets of 2021 and 2023.

Awards and Honors edit

An awardee of fellowships of WHO Geneva and INSERM, France, Indian Council of Medical research (ICMR) conferred upon Gupta with a Smt Swaran Kanta Dingley Oration Award of 1993, and the Indian Society for the Study of Reproduction and Fertility (ISSRF) honored him with the Lifetime Achievement Award of 2013 for his research contribution in Reproductive Sciences. In addition, he is a recipient of Bharat Ratna APJ Abdul Kalam Excellence Award - 2018 of India International Friendship Society, New Delhi in recognition of his meritorious services and outstanding contribution in the field of education and scientific research (See his awards listed below).

  • Bharat Ratna APJ Abdul Kalam Excellence Award - 2018 of India International Friendship Sosciety, New Delhi in recognition of meritorious services and outstanding contribution in the field of scientific research and education.
  • Lifetime Achievement Award of 2013 in recognition of outstanding contribution in Reproductive Health from Indian Society for the Study of Reproduction and Fertility (2013).
  • Smt. Swaran Kanta Dingley Oration award of Indian Council of Medical Research, in Reproductive Biology (1993).
  • Distinguished Alumnus Award  of PU (2021) and (2023) awarded by Panjab University, Alumni  Assocation, Chandigarh at Global Alumni Meet 2021 and 2023.
  • WHO (Geneva) Fellowship Award (1976-1977).
  • INSERM (Paris) Senior level Fellowship Award (1982-1983).
  • Senior Level Fellowship Award of French Government (1987-1988).
  • Senior Level Fellowship award under Indo-French Exchange Programme (1989; 1991 for three months each)
  • Emeritus Scientist of Council of Scientific Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi (1997).
  • Emeritus Medical Scientist of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi (1997).
  • Emeritus Fellow Award of University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi (2001)
  • Emeritus Scientist of DST under USERS Programme (2000-2001; 2003-2005)
  • Recognition as a Professor-Emeritus by the Senate of PU, Chandigarh since 2015.

References edit

  1. ^ Gupta, G.S. (1974), "Physicochemical Studies on Normal and Irradiated Mammalian Testes", Ph.D. Thesis, Panjab University, Chandigarh
  2. ^ a b c Gupta, G. S. (2019-01-09). In Search of a Scientific Truth: Autobiography of G.S. Gupta. Independently published. ISBN 978-1-7915-2826-3.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Gupta, G.S. (2005). Proteomics of Spermatogenesis. New York: Springer, New York (USA). doi:10.1007/0-387-27655-6. ISBN 978-3-7091-1064-5.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Gupta, G.S. (2012), Animal Lectins: Form, Function and Clinical Applications, Vienna: Springer, pp. 667–691, doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1065-2_31, ISBN 978-3-7091-1065-2
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Gupta, G. S. (2012). "Animal Lectins: Form, Function and Clinical Applications". SpringerLink. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1065-2. ISBN 978-3-7091-1064-5.
  6. ^ a b Gupta, G. S.; Goldberg, E. (1981-02-13). "Isolation, properties, immunological specificity and localization of mouse testicular hyaluronidase". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Enzymology. 657 (2): 364–373. doi:10.1016/0005-2744(81)90322-3. ISSN 0005-2744. PMID 6163467.
  7. ^ a b c Gupta, G. S.; Goldberg, E. (1981). "Thermodynamic stability of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes from guinea pig & rabbit". Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics. 18 (3): 182–186. ISSN 0301-1208. PMID 7309093.
  8. ^ a b Sharma, P. K.; Gupta, G. S. (1986-06-01). "Catalytic properties of testicular hyaluronidase after gamma-irradiation". Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. 25 (2): 123–133. doi:10.1007/BF01211736. ISSN 1432-2099. PMID 3763825.
  9. ^ a b Kapur, D. K.; Gupta, G. S. (1988). "Immunocytochemical localization of beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase in human reproductive organs". Biology of Reproduction. 38 (2): 373–376. doi:10.1095/biolreprod38.2.373. ISSN 0006-3363. PMID 3282553.
  10. ^ a b Kapur, D K; Gupta, G S (1986-05-15). "Purification, biochemical properties and active sites of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidases from human seminal plasma". Biochemical Journal. 236 (1): 103–109. doi:10.1042/bj2360103. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC 1146792. PMID 2947567.
  11. ^ a b Kapur, D. K.; Gupta, G. S. (1985). "Immunological specificity of hexosaminidases from human seminal plasma". American Journal of Reproductive Immunology and Microbiology: AJRIM. 7 (1): 39–43. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1985.tb00261.x. ISSN 8755-8920. PMID 2580450.
  12. ^ a b Gupta, G. S.; Singh, G. P. (1983-11-14). "Isolation and characterization of the major form of β-glucuronidase from human seminal plasma". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology. 748 (3): 398–404. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(83)90185-1. ISSN 0167-4838. PMID 6416296.
  13. ^ a b Gupta, G. S.; Kinsky, R. G.; Duc, H. T.; Voisin, G. A. (1984). "Effects of placental extracts on the immune response to histocompatibility antigens: class deviation of alloantibody response and allograft enhancement". American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 6 (3): 117–123. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1984.tb00125.x. ISSN 0271-7352. PMID 6517178.
  14. ^ a b Gupta, G. S.; Kinsky, R. G.; Voisin, G. A. (1987). "Effects of placental glycoproteins on alloantibody formation, graft versus host reactivity and mixed lymphocyte reaction". Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 25 (12): 805–810. ISSN 0019-5189. PMID 3453809.
  15. ^ a b c d e Gupta, G. S.; Kinsky, R. G. (1994). "Effects of immunization with sperm specific lactate dehydrogenase with & without muramyl dipeptide as adjuvant". The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 100: 98–105. ISSN 0971-5916. PMID 7959974.
  16. ^ a b Gupta, G. S.; Kinsky, R. G. (1993-08-25). "Modulation of allo-immune responses in vivo and in vitro by sperm specific lactate dehydrogenase-C4". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 125 (2): 145–151. doi:10.1007/BF00936443. ISSN 0300-8177. PMID 8283969.
  17. ^ a b Gupta, G. S.; Kinsky, R. G.; Coudere, J. (1992). "Modulation of T cell functions by sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase: fluorescence analysis of immune competent cells and local graft versus host reaction". Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics. 29 (3): 271–276. ISSN 0301-1208. PMID 1512013.
  18. ^ a b Gupta, G. S.; Malhotra, R.; Sehgal, S. (1994). "Regulation of fertility in female mice after immunization with human sperm specific LDH: role in conception and contraception". Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 32 (1): 14–19. ISSN 0019-5189. PMID 8045599.
  19. ^ a b Gupta, G. S.; Malhotra, R. (1994). "Autoimmune-like activity of sperm specific LDH: a pathophysiological and electron microscopic study of atrophied testis and epididymis". Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics. 31 (6): 480–485. ISSN 0301-1208. PMID 7875719.
  20. ^ a b Gupta, G. S.; Chaturvedi, G. (2000). "Regulation of immune functions by sperm-specific LDH and its differences with somatic isozyme in primary and secondary lymphocyte cultures". American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y.: 1989). 44 (3): 160–169. doi:10.1111/j.8755-8920.2000.440306.x. ISSN 1046-7408. PMID 11028903.
  21. ^ a b c Gupta, G. S.; Syal, N. (2000). "Newly exposed immunochemically cross-reactive epitopes in sperm-specific LDH after glucosylation and gossypol interaction". American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y.: 1989). 44 (5): 303–309. doi:10.1111/j.8755-8920.2000.440510.x. ISSN 1046-7408. PMID 11125794.
  22. ^ a b Gupta, G. S.; Syal, N. (1997). "Immune responses of chemically modified homologous LDH-C4 and their effect on fertility regulation in mice". American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y.: 1989). 37 (2): 206–211. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00215.x. ISSN 1046-7408. PMID 9083619.
  23. ^ Gupta, G. S.; Kang, B. P. (2000). "Molecular and kinetic properties of sperm specific LDH after radiation inactivation". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 206 (1–2): 27–32. doi:10.1023/a:1007037128143. ISSN 0300-8177. PMID 10839191.
  24. ^ Gupta, G. S.; Kang, B. P. (1997). "LDH-C4-substrate binary complexes studied by intrinsic fluorescence method". Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics. 34 (3): 307–312. ISSN 0301-1208. PMID 9425751.
  25. ^ Gupta, G. S.; Kang, B. P. (1997). "Quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of sperm specific LDH by optical isomers of gossypol". General Physiology and Biophysics. 16 (3): 215–225. ISSN 0231-5882. PMID 9452944.
  26. ^ Gupta, G. S.; Kapur, S.; Kinsky, R. G. (1988). "Inhibition kinetics of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes by gossypol acetic acid". Biochemistry International. 17 (1): 25–34. ISSN 0158-5231. PMID 3190716.
  27. ^ Gupta, G. S.; Bawa, S. R. (1978). "Radiation Effects on Testes: XIII. Studies on Isocitrate Dehydrogenases Following Partial-Body Gamma Irradiation". Radiation Research. 73 (3): 476–489. Bibcode:1978RadR...73..476G. doi:10.2307/3574951. ISSN 0033-7587. JSTOR 3574951.
  28. ^ Gupta, G. S.; Bawa, S. R. (1978). "Radiation Effects on Testes: XIV. Studies on Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Following Partial-Body Gamma Irradiation". Radiation Research. 73 (3): 490–501. Bibcode:1978RadR...73..490G. doi:10.2307/3574952. ISSN 0033-7587. JSTOR 3574952. PMID 635119.
  29. ^ Gupta, G. S.; Bawa, S. R. (1977). "Radiation Effects on Testes: XII. Monovalent Electrolytes in Relation to Radiation Injury of Germinal Epithelium". Radiation Research. 72 (2): 226–237. Bibcode:1977RadR...72..226G. doi:10.2307/3574693. ISSN 0033-7587. JSTOR 3574693.
  30. ^ Gupta, G. S.; Bawa, S. R. (1977). "Radiation Effects on Testes: XI. Studies on Glycogen and Its Metabolizing Enzymes Following Radiation-Induced Atrophy". Radiation Research. 71 (1): 97–108. Bibcode:1977RadR...71...97G. doi:10.2307/3574715. ISSN 0033-7587. JSTOR 3574715.
  31. ^ Gupta, G. S. (2022). "The Lactate and the Lactate Dehydrogenase in Inflammatory Diseases and Major Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients". Inflammation. 45 (6): 2091–2123. doi:10.1007/s10753-022-01680-7. ISSN 1573-2576. PMC 9117991. PMID 35588340.
  32. ^ a b Gupta, G. S. (2012). "LDH-C4: a target with therapeutic potential for cancer and contraception". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 371 (1–2): 115–127. doi:10.1007/s11010-012-1428-2. ISSN 1573-4919. PMID 22893065.
  33. ^ a b Gupta, Anita; Gupta, G. S. (2021). "Status of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement system in COVID-19 patients and therapeutic applications of antiviral plant MBLs". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 476 (8): 2917–2942. doi:10.1007/s11010-021-04107-3. ISSN 1573-4919. PMC 7981598. PMID 33745077.
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