Draft:Circassian Conquest of Kuban

Circassian Conquest of Kuban
Part of Crimean-Circassian Wars
Date 1439-1441 Location Kuban Result Circassian victory •Circassia conquered the Kuban and part of the Don •Expulsion of the Tatars from the Circassian lands
Belligerents
Crimean Khanate Golden Horde Turkic nomads	Circassia
Commanders and leaders
Hacı I Giray Küchük Muhammad	Inal the Great of Circassia
Strength
20.000-60.000	30.000
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Unknown

This page will be placed in the following categories if it is moved to the article namespace.

Categories:

• Wars involving the Circassians
• Military operations involving the Crimean Khanate

History

After Inal turned the Circassian lands into a single state, all Circassian armies came under his command.Using this army, he began to counteract the enemy.XIII. He attacked the Tatars, who had inhabited the Circassian lands for centuries, and pursued them to the Ten River.Meanwhile, the commander of the army, Tambi Kabarda, granted freedom to the Circassians who settled on the banks of the Kuban River.

Galonifontibus, Johannes de describes that at the turn of the XIV and XV centuries Circassia expanded its borders north to the mouth of the Don, and he notes that “the city and port of Tana are located in the same country in Upper Circassia, on the Don River, which separates Europe from Asia."Its description matches the extensions of the Original.

Mastering Khumaran made it possible for Inal to develop an offensive east of the river. Kuban. Military campaigns in this direction were led by Kabarda Tambi. Moving east, Kabarda Tambi founded on the right bank of the river. Malki surrounded a new settlement with earthen fortifications and built a watchtower. The fortification became a stronghold for further advancement to the east. The population of the Central Ciscaucasia was heterogeneous. In addition to the Circassians, Ossetians lived here - Digorians and Ironians, who were located in the upper reaches of the river basin. Terek. To the east of the Ossetians, Vainakh tribes lived in the mountains. The presence of Svan tower complexes and other stone structures in the upper reaches of the river. Kuban, Baksan, Chegem and Cherek indicate the advancement of part of the Svans after the Mongol devastation of the 13th century. on the northern slopes of the Caucasus Range. The nomadic Tatars were located in the Cis-Caucasian steppes. The Horde were the dominant force in the region. The advancement of Kabarda Tambi inevitably collided with the dominance of the Tatars. Judging by the fact that already in the second quarter of the 15th century. In the Central Ciscaucasia, hordes of nomads are not recorded; the Tatars were forced out to the north. The activity of the Circassians in the Central Ciscaucasia is most likely associated with the campaign of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas against the “Cherkassy of Pyatigorsk”, which took place in 1412. Vytautas was an ally of the descendants of Khan Tokhtamysh, who could turn to him for help against the expansion of Inal in a strategically important area for the Tatars area.

Here was not only the traditional Horde headquarters, but the most important routes to Transcaucasia through the Caucasus Range, which were of economic and strategic importance. In connection with the Adyghe-Tatar relations in the Central Ciscaucasia, the message of I. Barbaro, who observed the movement of the Tatar horde in the winter of 1438, is appropriate. The Tatar khans Nauruz and Kezimakhmet decided to go from Sarai to fight against Khan Ulumakhmet, who was in Russian lands. From the message of I. Barbaro, we see that the Tatar horde first descended into the Tyumen (Priterechny) steppes, then circled Circassia along the perimeter of its border. Namely, the Central Ciscaucasia and part of the northeastern Caucasus, in the lower reaches of the river. Terek. The conclusion suggests itself that by this time Inal was able to finally secure these lands for Circassia, and the Tatars did not want to invade or even touch the possessions of the Circassians.

Literature

• Caucasian Review. Vol. 2. Munich (München), 1956. Pp.; 19; 35.
• Klaproth, Julius Von, 1783-1835. (2005). Travels in the Caucasus and Georgia performed in the years 1807 and 1808 by command of the Russian government. Elibron Classics. OCLC 742325358.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
• Latham, Robert Gordon. Descriptive Ethnology. London: Voorst, 1859. Pp. 51.

Sources

1.Caucasian Review. Vol. 2. Munich (München), 1956. Pp.; 19; 35. 2. PRENSLERİN PRENSİ İNAL NEKHU (PŞILERİN PŞISI İNAL NEKHU)

3. Взгляд на османские и кавказские дела

4. The Legendary Circassian Prince Inal, by Vitaliy Shtybin

5. Abkhaz World

6. PRENSLERİN PRENSİ İNAL NEKHU (PŞILERİN PŞISI İNAL NEKHU)

7. Horse Farm at 2500 meters high

8. Kokov (K'wek'we), J. N., Iz adigskoi (cherkesskoi) onomastiki [From Circassian Onomastics], Nalchik: Elbrus Book Publishing House, 1983.

9. Dubois de Montpéreux, F., Voyage autour du Caucase, chez les Tcherkesses et les Abkhases, en Colchide, en Géorgie, en Arménie et en Crimée: Avec un atlas géographique, pittoresque, ... géologique, etc., Paris: Gide, 1839-43; reprinted: Adamant Media Corporation, Elibron Classics, 2002 (6 vols).

10. Latham, Robert Gordon. Descriptive Ethnology. Londres: Voorst, 1859. Pp. 51

11. Circassian history