拉宾·阿浩 （西班牙语拼为 Rabin Ajaw，Rabin Ajau，或 Rab'in Ajaw）是一年一度的土著玛雅节日。此节日在危地马拉的韋拉帕斯区域举行。主要的活动在 韋拉帕斯首府科班市。此节日在每年七月份最后一个星期六举办。它被认为是最大和最重要的玛雅节日。[1] 不仅烟花， 传统服装的游行 和 传统舞蹈 都是此节日的重要部分。 在当地玛雅语言里，此节日名字是 “国王的女儿”的意思。[1]
皇后选拔
editThe main event in Cobán is the selection of a Queen among indigenous contestants.
Participation requirements are:[2]
- young (no technical age limit, but 18-24 preferred) woman of Mayan descent
- literate
- no kinship with organizers, committee members, or judges
- have not participated in previous years
- not in a relationship. the winner is also required to remain single for a year after winning.
All participants of the contest give a preliminary speech on one of seven predetermined topics in both Spanish and their native Mayan.[3][4] Knowledge of the Mayan language is important. In her study, Elizabet Rasch recounts stories of individual contestants who were humiliated for not being able to speak their native language.[5] Thirteen contestants are then chosen to answer additional questions on multiple topics, after which the judges select one winner
The outgoing queen crowns the new queen. The crown is silver with three quetzal feathers, which is the national bird of Guatemala. The Queen's input on important community issues is valued.[2]
Celebrations begin in the evening, usually starting at 8 PM or later.[1]
History
editA fair with a beauty pageant had been held in Cobán since the 1930s.
In 1969, professor Marco Aurelio Alonzo proposed the creation of Rabin Ajaw as a separate festival to commemorate the founding of Cobán.[2] Rasch describes the rise of indigenous beauty pageants such as the Rabin Ajaw from the 1930s on as a way to reappropriate indigenous culture. Beginning in the 1970s, the narrative of the pageants became increasingly political and reflective of Mayan identity.[5]
In the early 2000s, several Indigenous organizers protested the event, saying it "folklorizes Mayan culture".[6]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Fiesta de Rabin Ajaw en Coban con Viaje por Guatemala". www.viajeporguatemala.com. Retrieved 2024-03-22. Cite error: The named reference ":0" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b c Rizzo, Carmen (2021-09-16). "The History and Tradition of Cobán's Rabin Ajau in Guatemala". Homeschool Spanish Academy. Retrieved 2024-03-22. Cite error: The named reference ":1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b Rizzo, Carmen (2021-09-16). "The History and Tradition of Cobán's Rabin Ajau in Guatemala". Homeschool Spanish Academy. Retrieved 2024-03-22.
- ^ Sabene, Kerstin (2019-06-03). "Rab'in Ajaw: Celebrating Maya Women as Agents of Change". Cultural Survival. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
- ^ a b Rasch, Elizabet (Feb 2020). "Becoming a maya woman: Beauty pageants at the intersection of indigeneity, gender and class in quetzaltenango, guatemala". Journal of Latin American Studies. 52 (1): 133–156. doi:10.1017/S0022216X19000919. ProQuest 2363905154 – via ProQuest. Cite error: The named reference ":2" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Velasquez Nimatuj, Irma (2015-04-29). Dulfano, Isabel (ed.). Memory/Memoir, Challenges, and Anthropology. Translated by Dulfano, Isabel. Springer. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-137-53131-5.