Divine Invincible Great General Cannon, also known as "Weiyuan General Cannon" (simplified Chinese: 神威无敌大将军炮; traditional Chinese: 神威無敵大將軍炮), was a type of long-barreled heavy artillery in the Qing Dynasty, [3] built by Nan Huairen, [4] a Flemish Jesuit missionary in China, in the 15th year of Kangxi (1676). [5]
| Chinese | 神威无敌大将军炮 |
|---|---|
| National origin | Qing dynasty |
| Introduction | 1676[1] |
| Founder | Nan Huairen[2] |
| Named by | Kangxi Emperor |
| Used by | Qing army |
| Wars | Sino-Russian border conflicts |
| Status | Decommissioned |
Divine Invincible Great General Cannon was named by the Kangxi Emperor.[6] The Divine Invincible Great General Cannon was made of bronze,[7] there were 52 cannons in total. [8]
Specifications edit
Divine Invincible Great General Cannon weighed from 2,000 catty to 3,000 catty,[9] and is from 7 Chinese feet 3 Chinese inches to 8 Chinese feet long.[10]
Usage edit
In 1685, the Qing army used eight Divine Invincible Great General Cannons against the invading Russian army,[11] and these cannons played an important role in the Battle of Yaksa (雅克萨战役).[12] The Qing Empire won the battle and signed the Treaty of Nerchinsk with the Tsardom of Russia.[13]
Discovery edit
In May 1975, the workers of Qiqihar Jianhua Machinery Factory (齐齐哈尔建华机械厂) found a Divine Invincible Great General Cannon used by the Qing army in the Battle of Yaksa.[14]
References edit
- ^ Liu Xu (1989). Ancient Chinese Artillery History. Shanghai People's Publishing House. pp. 87–. ISBN 978-7-208-00061-2.
- ^ Qing History Research Collection. China Renmin University Press. 1986. pp. 95–.
- ^ Liu Huawei (1 August 2013). A Brief Introduction to Chinese Culture. Economic Science Press. pp. 105–. ISBN 978-7-5141-3317-2.
- ^ "What is the merit and demerit of the Yaksa Victory?". Sina. Oct 14, 2014.
- ^ "Why did the Qing army like to use tiger shields so much?". NetEase News. Nov 20, 2017.
- ^ General Military History of China: Pre-Qing Military History. Military Science Press. 1998. pp. 435–.
- ^ Zhuang Kaige (1 January 2018). Subject Engraving. Zhejiang Photography Publishing House. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-7-5514-1917-8.
- ^ General History of Chinese Military. Military Science Press. 1998. pp. 371–.
- ^ Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences), Issues 25-29. Beijing Normal University. 1978. pp. 76–.
- ^ Historical Monthly. Historical Monthly Magazine Agency. 1995. pp. 101–.
- ^ Wang Zhaochun (1991). Chinese Firearms History. Military Science Press. pp. 262–. ISBN 978-7-80021-304-5.
- ^ Palace Museum Journal, Issues 1-4. Cultural Relics Press. 1986. pp. 53–.
- ^ Zhang Jie (2007). Manchu Essentials. China Social Sciences Press. pp. 102–. ISBN 978-7-5004-6013-8.
- ^ Wang Zhaochun (2007). Ancient Chinese Military Engineering and Technology History (Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties). Shanxi Education Press. pp. 498–. ISBN 978-7-5440-2797-7.