The Dewey Monument is a memorial statue by Robert Ingersoll Aitken in San Francisco, California, located at the center of Union Square. Union Square is bounded by Geary, Powell, Post and Stockton Streets. The monument is dedicated to Admiral George Dewey and commemorates his victory in the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War. Work on the monument began in 1901 and it was dedicated in 1903.

Dewey Monument
The Goddess of Victory statue by Robert Ingersoll Aitken atop the Dewey Monument (2010)
Map
37°47′17″N 122°24′27″W / 37.78795°N 122.40755°W / 37.78795; -122.40755
LocationUnion Square
San Francisco, U.S.
DesignerRobert Ingersoll Aitken, sculptor
Newton Tharp, architect
Width5 ft (1.5 m)
Height85 ft (25.9 m)
Beginning date1901
Completion date1903
Dedicated toAdmiral George Dewey
The monument (2015)

History and description

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The monument was erected to honor Admiral George Dewey, a hero of the Spanish–American War, for his victory in the Battle of Manila Bay.

On May 23, 1901, President William McKinley visited San Francisco to break ground for the monument. Six months later McKinley was assassinated and was succeeded by his vice president, Theodore Roosevelt. On May 14, 1903, Roosevelt officially dedicated the monument, which "commemorates the victory of Admiral George Dewey and the American fleet over Spanish forces at Manila Bay, the Philippines, on May 1, 1898, during the Spanish–American War" and also is a tribute to the sailors of the United States Navy.[1][2]

Robert Ingersoll Aitken was hired to sculpt a 9-foot (2.7 m) statue representing Nike, the ancient Greek Goddess of Victory in honor of McKinley and Dewey. The statue holds a trident that represents Dewey and a wreath that represents McKinley. Legend holds that Aitken hired Alma de Bretteville Spreckels to model for the statue, but a 1902 article detailing the monument's construction stated that Aitken's model was Clara Petzold, who later became a noted photographer.[3]

Architect Newton Tharp designed the base and column within a budget of $45,000. The column, over 5 ft (1.5 m) in diameter and over 85 ft (25.9 m) in height, was assembled from individual blocks weighing 40,000 lb (18,144 kg). Timbers over 100 ft (30.5 m) long were shipped from Oregon to support the block and tackle system used to construct the monument.[4]

The column stands on a square base with inscriptions on each side.

References

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  1. ^ Nolan, Martin F. (May 11, 2003). "American Empire / The day Teddy Roosevelt, Admiral Dewey and 'bayonet rule' converged in S.F." SF Gate. San Francisco. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  2. ^ Miles, H. J. (cameraman) (1903). Panorama, Union Square, San Francisco (motion picture). San Francisco: American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
  3. ^ Staff (January 24, 1902) "Graceful Figure Modeled in Clay" San Francisco Chronicle, p. 12.
  4. ^ "Building the Dewey Victory Monument, San Francisco". Sunset. San Francisco: Southern Pacific. December 1902. p. 127.
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