A dansa (Old Occitan [ˈdansa, ˈdaⁿsa]), also spelt dança, was an Old Occitan form of lyric poetry developed in the late thirteenth century among the troubadours. It is related to the English term "dance" and was often accompanied by dancing. A closely related form, the balada or balaresc, had a more complex structure, and is related to the ballade but unrelated to the ballad. Both terms derive from Occitan words for "to dance": dansar and balar/ballar.
A dansa begins with a respos of one or two lines, whose rhyme scheme matches that of the first line or two of each subsequent stanza. The actual respos may have been repeated between stanzas, of which there were usually three, as a refrain. The few surviving melodies of dansas seem like incipient virelais. The verses of the dansa were sung by a soloist while the refrain was sung by a choir. A dansa lacking a vuelta is called a danseta.
In a balada each stanza is divided into three parts. The first part and second part are identical, each ending with the same rhyme as the first line of the poem. The third part of the stanza is identical to the refrain (refranh) in form. The refrain, which begins the song, is repeated after each stanza. In a balada the lines of the choir and the soloist could mix.
A desdansa (or desdança) was the opposite of a dansa, not in form but in content. Whereas a dansa had joyful lyrics and lively music, a desdansa was sad and lamenting, much like a planh designed for dance. The desdansa is defined, and exemplified, in the Cançoneret de Ripoll.
List
editbalada baladeta dansa hybrid genre
| Composer[1] | Incipit (i.e. title) | Date[2] | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Guiraut d'Espaigna | Be volgra, s'esser pogues | ||
| Guiraut d'Espaigna | Domna, si tot no.us es preza | ||
| Guiraut d'Espaigna | Gen m'auci | ||
| Guiraut d'Espaigna | Ges ancara | ||
| Guiraut d'Espaigna | Lo fi cor qu'ie.us ai | Sometimes called a balada or dansa | |
| Guiraut d'Espaigna | No posc plus sofrir | ||
| Guiraut d'Espaigna | Na Ses Merce | ||
| Guiraut d'Espaigna | Per amor soi gai | A pastorela in the form of a dansa | |
| Guiraut d'Espaigna | Pos ses par | ||
| Guiraut d'Espaigna | Sa gaja semblansa | ||
| Guiraut d'Espaigna | Si la bela que.m plai no.m plai | ||
| Guiraut d'Espaigna | Si.l dous jois d'amor | ||
| Guiraut d'Espaigna | Si no.m secor domna gaja | ||
| Paulet de Marseilla | Bela domna plazens, ai | ||
| Cerveri de Girona | A la pluga a.l vent iran | A balada that Serveri labels an espingadura | |
| Cerveri de Girona | Com es ta mal ensenyada | A dansa that Serveri labels a peguesca | |
| Cerveri de Girona | No.l prenatz los fals marit iana delgada | A balada that Serveri labels a viadeyra | |
| Cerveri de Girona | Pus on vey leys | ||
| Cerveri de Girona | Si voletz que.m laix d'amar | ||
| Cerveri de Girona | Tant ay el cor d'alegrança | A sirventes–dansa | |
| Cerveri de Girona | Tot can cors dezira | ||
| Uc de Saint Circ | Una danseta voil far | ||
| A l'entrada del temps clar | |||
| Amors m'art con fuoc ab flama | Perhaps a fragmentary canso | ||
| Ara l'ausetz | Perhaps a parody (parodique) of a dansa | ||
| Coindeta sui, si cum n'ai greu cossire | |||
| D'amor m'estera ben e gent | |||
| Mort m'an li semblan que ma dona.m fai | |||
| Plazens plasers, tant vos am e.us dezir | Consists of a single cobla | ||
| Pos la dousor del temps gay | |||
| Pos qu'ieu vey la fuella | Two coblas, perhaps a single canso | ||
| Pres soi ses faillencha | Two coblas, perhaps a single canso | ||
| Quant lo gilos er fora | |||
| S'anc vos | |||
| Se nus hom per ben servir | |||
| Si tot chantar non m'enansa | |||
| Tant es gay'es avinentz | A fragment: two coblas, probably of a dansa, perhaps a canso |
Notes
editReferences
edit- Aubrey, Elizabeth (1996). The Music of the Troubadours. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21389-4.
- Riquer, Martí de (1964). Història de la Literatura Catalana, vol. 1. Barcelona: Edicions Ariel.