Corybas dowlingii, commonly known as red lanterns,[2] is a rare species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New South Wales. It grows in colonies and has a round or heart-shaped leaf and a dark purplish red flower with white patches in the labellum.
| Red lanterns | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | Corybas |
| Species: | C. dowlingii
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| Binomial name | |
| Corybas dowlingii | |
Description
editCorybas dowlingii is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with a single round or heart-shaped leaf 15–35 mm (0.6–1 in) long and wide. The leaf is dark green on the upper surface and slightly reddish on the lower side. A single erect, dark purplish red flower, 26–32 mm (1.0–1.3 in) long and 6–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide is borne on a stalk 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) long. The dorsal sepal is 15–23 mm (0.6–0.9 in) long, 6–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide and curved. The lateral sepals are linear, about 2 mm (0.08 in) long and 0.5 mm (0.02 in) wide, tapered and held horizontally or turned upwards towards the labellum. The petals are about 0.5 mm (0.02 in) long and hidden behind the labellum. The labellum is translucent white with red blotches and tube-shaped near its base. The tube is about 4 mm (0.2 in) long then expanded into a flat area 10–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long and 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) wide. There are two whitish spurs about 3 mm (0.1 in) long turning downwards from the base of the labellum. Flowering occurs from June to August.[2][3]
Taxonomy
editCorybas dowlingii was first formally described in 2004 by David Jones from a specimen collected by Bill Dowling on Bulahdelah Mountain. The description was published in The Orchadian.[4] The specific epithet (dowlingii) honours the collector of the type specimen.[5]
Distribution and habitat
editRed lanterns grows in gullies in tall forest and is only known from four localities between Bulahdelah, Port Stephens and Freemans Waterhole.[2][3]
Conservation
editThis orchid is listed as "endangered" under the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. It is threatened by land clearing and habitat degradation, rubbish dumping and recreational overuse.[3][6]
References
edit- ^ "Corybas dowlingii". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ a b c Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 169. ISBN 1877069124.
- ^ a b c "Red Helmet Orchid - profile". New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Corybas dowlingii". APNI. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
- ^ "Dowling, Bill (1942 - )". Australian National Botanic Garden. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
- ^ "Corybas dowlingii (an orchid) - endangered species listing". New South Wales Government Department of Planning, Industry and Environment. Retrieved 11 July 2021.