In political science, the coexistence type of electoral systems (also called a hybrid system) means, that in the same election different voters vote using different systems, based on which electoral district they belong to. This is distinct from such mixed electoral systems that use parallel voting (superposition) or .[1] Some supermixed systems also use this principle. For example, the rural-urban proportional (RUP) proposal, which is a hybrid mixed system that uses two tiers: the lower tier uses a proportional system, like list-PR or STV, in urban regions, and the upper tier uses MMP (itself a mixed system) either in rural regions alone or in all regions.[2]
Coexistence of electoral systems exist in multiple countries, like the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Panama, as well as for elections of the European Parliament.
Types of coexistence
edit| Type | System | Example(s) for use |
|---|---|---|
| Coexistence | e.g. FPTP/SMP in single-member districts, list-PR in multi-member districts | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Panama |
| Supermixed | e.g. FPTP/SMP in single-member districts, conditional party block voting in multi-member districts | Cameroon, Chad |
| Rural-urban proportional representation (RUP) | Denmark (formerly), Iceland (formerly)[citation needed] |
References
edit- ^ Massicotte & Blais (1999). "Mixed electoral systems: a conceptual and empirical survey". Electoral Studies. 18 (3): 341–366. doi:10.1016/S0261-3794(98)00063-8.
- ^ Massicotte, Louis (2004). In Search of Compensatory Mixed Electoral System for Québec (PDF) (Report).
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