Chiara Margarita Cozzolani (27 November 1602 – ca. 1676–1678), was a Baroque music composer, singer and Benedictine nun.[1] She spent her adult life cloistered in the convent of Santa Radegonda, Milan, where she served as prioress and abbess and stopped composing. More than a dozen cloistered women published sacred music in seventeenth-century Italy.[2]
Life and career edit
The youngest daughter born into a wealthy merchant family[3] in Milan, Italy, Margarita Cozzolani entered the convent and took her vows in 1620. She added "Chiara" as her religious name.[4]
She was a prolific composer, her style characterized by sequences and the switching of modes.[5] The duets and solos in her 1642 Concerti Sacri followed the Lombard style.[4] Her four musical opere were published between 1640 and 1650, which is the date of her Vespers, perhaps her best-known single work. There is also a Paschal Mass. Her first publication, Primavera di fiori musicali, survived into the 20th Century, but was lost in 1945.[4]
In the convent of Santa Radegonda, the nuns sang during major religious feast days, which drew a great deal of attention from the outside world. As abbess of Santa Radegonda, Cozzolani defended the nuns' music, which came under attack from Archbishop Alfonso Litta, who wanted to reform the convent by limiting the nuns' practice of music and other contact with the outside world. The archbishop could not have been reassured by the ecstatic report of Filippo Picinelli, in Ateneo dei letterati milanesi (Milan, 1670) who found that "the nuns of Santa Radegonda of Milan are gifted with such rare and exquisite talents in music that they are acknowledged to be the best singers of Italy. They wear the Cassinese habits[6] of St. Benedict, but they seem to any listener to be white and melodious swans, who fill hearts with wonder, and spirit away tongues in their praise. Among these sisters, Donna Chiara Margarita Cozzolani merits the highest praise, Chiara in name but even more so in merit, and Margarita[7] for her unusual and excellent nobility of invention...".
Donna Chiara Margarita Cozzolani disappears from the convent's records after 1676. The first modern edition of her complete motets, for one to five voices and continuo, appeared in 1998.[8]
Works edit
- Primavera di fiori musicali, for 1–4 voices and continuo, op. 1 (Milan 1640) (lost)
- Concerti sacri, for 2–4 voices and continuo, op. 2 (Venice 1642)
- Scherzi di sacra melodia, for 1 voice and continuo op. 3 (Venice 1648) (continuo lost)
- Salmi à otto... motetti ei dialoghi, for 2–8 voices and continuo, op. 3 [sic] (Venice 1650)
- O dulcis Jesu, for 2 voices (soprano or tenor) and continuo[9]
- No, no no che mare, aria (lost)
- Vespro della beata vergine
- Venite gentes, for voice and continuo (lost)[10]
References edit
- ^ Carter, Tim. "Cozzolani, Chiara Margarita." The Oxford Companion to Music. Ed. Alison Latham. Oxford Music Online. 11 February 2011
- ^ Chiara Margarita Cozzolani
- ^ a b Sadie, Dr. Julie Anne; Samuel, Dr. Rhian (1994). The Norton/Grove Dictionary of Women Composers. W. W. Norton and Company. pp. 129–130. ISBN 0-333-515986.
- ^ a b c Robert L. Kendrick. "Cozzolani, Chiara Margarita." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. 10 February 2011.
- ^ Robert Kendrick, "The Traditions of Milanese Convent Music and the Sacred Dialogues of Chiara Margarita Cozzolani", in C.A. Monson, ed., The Crannied Wall: Women, Religion, and the Arts in Early Modern Europe (in series Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization) University of Michigan Press, 1992.
- ^ Their habits were black.
- ^ Chiara, "pure white"; margarita, "a pearl" (Noted by Chris Whent, WBAI's "Here Of A Sunday Morning").
- ^ "Recent research in the music of the baroque era" Archived 6 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Women composers : music through the ages. Martha Furman Schleifer, Sylvia Glickman. New York: G.K. Hall. 1996. ISBN 0-8161-0926-5. OCLC 32859720.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Jackson, Barbara Garvey (1994). Say can you deny me : a guide to surviving music by women from the 16th through the 18th centuries. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 1-55728-303-6. OCLC 29913114.
External links edit
- The Cozzolani Project
- Free scores by Chiara Margarita Cozzolani at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
- Free scores by Chiara Margarita Cozzolani in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- Chiara Margarita Cozzolani at hoasm.org
- Deborah Roberts on Italian 17th-century cloistered musicians and composers Archived 11 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
Further reading edit
- The Sounds of Milan, 1585–1650, by Robert L. Kendrick. (Oxford University Press, USA (21 November 2002)
- Celestial Sirens: Nuns and Their Music in Early Modern Milan by Robert L. Kendrick. (Oxford Monographs on Music, 1996)