The Central Greater Poland dialect (Polish: gwary środkowowielkopolskie) belongs to the Greater Poland dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It borders the Northern Greater Poland dialect to the north, the Western Greater Poland dialect to the west, the Eastern Greater Poland dialect to the east, the Southern Greater Poland dialect to the south, and the Lesser Polish Sieradz dialect to the southeast.[1] The subdialect of these villages is increasingly affected by Standard Polish, as demonstrated by the number of similar features.[2]
| Central Greater Poland dialect | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Poland |
| Region | Central Greater Poland |
Indo-European
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Phonology
editTypical of Greater Polish dialects, voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Greater Polish dialects, mazuration is also present.[2]
Vowels
editFinal -ej is sometimes realized as -ij/-yj or -i/-y, and -aj as -ej. Like many Greater Polish dialects, monothongs were often diphthongized: myjszyj (myszy), however, this is now rare. A few words show a vowel shift of -eł- > -oł-: widołki (widełki), and some words do not see an ablauted e: mietła (miotła).[2]
Slanted vowels
editSlanted é often raises to i (after both hard and soft consonants) and to y (particularly after hard consonants). Slanted ó is retained ó. Slanted á raises to o.
Nasal vowels
editNasal ę and ą decompose word-medially to iN, yN and oN, -óN. Word final -ę denasalizes, and word-final -ą is typically realized as -om, -óm.
Prothesis
editWord-initial o- often labializes to ô-.
Consonants
editMany simplifications of clusters are present: tero (teraz), jes (jest), wszysko (wszystko). Often ł is lost when next to u: pótory (półtory) or intervocalically: byoᵉ (było). A common shift of trz, drz>czsz, dżż>cz, dż, strz, zdrz>szczsz, żdżż>szcz, żdż is present. ch in some positions, especially weak positions, can be realized as k: skła (schła). Doubled consonants are simplified into a single one.
Contraction
editNon-contracted forms can be found: stojały (stały).
Inflection
editThe inflectional tendencies of this dialect are typical of other Greater Polish dialects.
Nouns
editA few nouns differ in gender from Standard Polish. Mobile e is sometimes not lost in declensions in certain declensions: myndele (myndle). -ów is usually used as the genitive plural ending, regardless of gender. The instrumental plural ending -mi is often levelled to -ami: końmi (koniami).
Adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and numerals
editThe feminine genitive/locative singular and comparative of adverbs may be -y/- instead of -ej as a result of sound changes.
Verbs
editThe second person singular imperative may be -ej instead of -aj as a result of sound changes. -ił/-ył of past tense endings shift to -uł. The past tense is sometimes formed without the personal clitics: my musieli (musieliśmy).
Prepositions and prefixes
editThe prepositions w and z are extended to we and ze if the following word begins with w or z.
Vocabulary
editWord-Formation
editThe word formation process of this dialect are typical of Greater Polish dialects.
Nouns
editCommon noun-forming suffixes include: -acz/-aczka, -ak/-ok, -arka, -arnia, -arz, -aty/-yty, -ec, -ek, -ik/-yk, -ica, -icha, -isko/-ysko, -nik, -ówka, and -ówa.
Adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and numerals
editSome adjectives are formed with -anny instead of standard -any. In Łowęcin particularly, some numeral prefixes are used without an interfix/in non-declined forms: cztyryskibowy (czteroskibowy), pińćskibowy (pięcioskibowy).
Syntax
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2024) |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Karaś, Halina (2010). "Wielkopolska środkowa". dialektologia.uw.edu.pl. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ a b c Kobus, Justyna; Osowski, Błażej (2010). "Wielkopolska środkowa". dialektologia.uw.edu.pl. Retrieved 19 July 2024.