Canarias-class cruiser

The Canarias class was a class of heavy cruiser of the Spanish Navy. Two ships of the class were completed in the 1930s. They were built in Spain by the Vickers-Armstrongs subsidiary Sociedad Española de Construcción Naval upon a British design, and were a modified version of the Royal Navy′s County class. The two ships completed, Canarias and Baleares, both saw service during the Spanish Civil War, the latter being sunk.

Canarias during the Spanish Civil War
Class overview
NameCanarias class
BuildersSociedad Española de Construcción Naval in Ferrol
Operators Spanish Navy
Preceded byAlmirante Cervera class
Succeeded byNone
Built1928–1935
In commission1935–1975
Planned3
Completed2
Cancelled1
Lost1
Retired1
General characteristics
TypeHeavy cruiser
Displacement
  • 10,670 long tons (10,840 t) standard
  • 13,500 long tons (13,700 t) full load
Length636 ft (194 m)
Beam64 ft (20 m)
Draught21 ft 5 in (6.53 m)
Installed powerYarrow type boilers, 90,000 hp (67,000 kW)
Propulsion4 shafts, Parsons type geared turbines
Speed33 knots (61 km/h)
Range8,000 nmi (15,000 km) at 15 kn (28 km/h)
Complement679
Armament
Armour

Design

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The ships were ordered in 1926 and were based on the British County-class cruisers. The designer was Sir Phillip Watts. These ships had anti-torpedo bulges and a slightly narrower beam as well as more powerful machinery. The boiler rooms were re-arranged compared to the British design and trunked into a single massive funnel rather than three funnels used on the British cruisers. The Spanish ships had a stronger secondary armament and although the original design included a catapult for a seaplane this was never installed.

Ships

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Both ships were built by SECN in Ferrol.

Ship Launched Completed Fate
Canarias 28 May 1931 1936 Decommissioned 1975
Baleares 20 April 1932 1937 Sunk 6 March 1938 by Republican destroyers in the Battle of Cape Palos

A third ship was projected but not ordered.

Service history

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Both ships were making their final sea trials when seized by the Nationalist side in the Spanish Civil War. Both of them were fitting out and completed with makeshift fire control and secondary armament.

Canarias was the flagship of the Nationalist Navy and sank 34 ships including the Republican destroyer Almirante Ferrándiz and the Soviet merchant Komsomol. She also damaged the destroyer José Luis Díez, forcing her to seek refuge at Gibraltar. During World War II she took part in the search of survivors from the Bismarck.

Baleares was completed without 'Y' turret, which was retrofitted in 1937. In September 1937 she engaged two Republican light cruisers in the Battle of Cape Cherchell. During a raid on Palma de Majorca in March 1938 she was intercepted by Republican destroyers and torpedoed by the destroyer Lepanto. The torpedoes blew up the forward magazines, disintegrating the fore part of the ship. The stern half remained afloat and 372 of her crew of 1221 were saved by British destroyers Boreas and Kempenfelt. 786 men died during the action.

References

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Bibliography

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  • Chesneau, Roger, ed. (1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. New York: Mayflower Books. ISBN 0-8317-0303-2.
  • Whitley, M. J. (1995). Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. London: Cassell. ISBN 1-86019-874-0.
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