Burma Command was a British Army command formed for the coordination of the defences of Burma. It functioned from 1937 to 1942, when the country fell to Japanese Forces during the Second World War, and functioned again from 1945 to 1948, when the country secured independence from the UK.
| Burma Command | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1937 to 1942 1945 to 1948 |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  British Army |
| Type | Command |
| Garrison/HQ | Rangoon |
History
editBefore the formation of the command, Burma had functioned as independent district within the British Indian Army.[1] The last General Officer Commanding Burma Independent District was Major-General William Twiss who commanded from 1936 to 1937.[2] In April 1937, when Burma became a semi-autonomous country, it was decided to separate the command from the British Indian Army.[1] Initially Burma Command came under the direct command of the Governor of British Burma as commander-in-chief.[3] However with the Second World War imminent, responsibility was delegated to Lieutenant-General Kenneth McLeod as the first General Officer Commanding in January 1939.[1]
Once Rangoon had fallen to Japanese troops on the 5/6 March 1942[4] and Mandalay had fallen shortly thereafter, the command was disbanded.[1]
After the war it was reformed from the core of the Twelfth Army on 1 October 1945.[5] It was disbanded again when Burma became an independent country under the Burma Independence Act 1947 in January 1948.[6]
Commanders
editCommanders included:
- Lieutenant-General Kenneth McLeod: 1939 – 1941[7]
- Lieutenant-General Thomas Hutton: 1941 – 1942[8]
- General Sir Harold Alexander: March 1942 – May 1942[9]
- Under Japanese rule from 1942 to 1945
- Lieutenant-General Harold Briggs: 1945 – 1948[10]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Burma Command 1930 - 42". British Military History. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ^ Supplement to the Indian Army List January 1939
- ^ Callahan, Mary (4 March 2002). "State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma" (PDF). Kyoto University. p. 531. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ^ Borth, Christy. Masters of Mass Production, pp.218–9, Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indianapolis, IN, 1945.
- ^ "Badge, formation, 12th Army". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ^ "Burma independence documents". Burma Library. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ^ "McLeod, Donald Kenneth". Generals.dk. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ^ "King's Collections : Archive Catalogues : HUTTON, Lt Gen Sir Thomas Jacomb (1890-1981)". www.kingscollections.org. Archived from the original on 2016-12-09. Retrieved 2017-12-29.
- ^ "No. 35503". The London Gazette. 27 March 1942. p. 1399.
- ^ "No. 38161". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1947. p. 8.