Blue jellyfish

Blue jellyfish
	Bluefire jellyfish in Brofjorden, Sweden
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Cnidaria
Class:	Scyphozoa
Order:	Semaeostomeae
Family:	Cyaneidae
Genus:	Cyanea
Species:	C. lamarckii
Binomial name
	Cyanea lamarckii; Péron & Lesueur, 1810

Cyanea lamarckii, also known as the blue jellyfish or bluefire jellyfish, is a species of jellyfish in the family Cyaneidae.

Description

Blue jellyfish age can be identified by color of their bell. They tend to be pale in appearance when young, but mature to have a brightly purple-blue (some yellow) colored bell. Although it is similar to the lion's mane jellyfish, the blue jellyfish is not as large, and has a translucent bell.^[1]

C. lamarckii has a blue or yellow tone and grows to approximately 10 to 20 cm (3.9 to 7.9 in) across the bell, but specimens can grow to 30 cm (12 in).^[2] In Scandinavian seas, this species rarely grows larger than 15 cm (5.9 in).

These jellyfish drift closer to the shore to catch the large abundance of plankton with their tentacles. This jellyfish has many stinging tentacles. The four mouth arms are large with many wrinkles and ripples.^[3] The jellyfish live off a diet of phytoplankton or zooplankton as well as the eggs and larvae of other aquatic animals such as fish.^[4] Cyanea lamarkii use their tentacles containing nematocysts to not only catch their prey, but to protect from predators.^[5]

Distribution

This species is found in the pelagic zone off the west coast of Scotland, the North Sea, the English Channel, and the Irish Sea, sometimes with the more common lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata).^[6] It's also seen in Cattegat along the Swedish western coast as well as in Danish waters.

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of Cyanea species is not fully agreed upon. Some zoologists have suggested that all species within the genus should be treated as one. However, Cyanea lamarckii exists with two other distinct taxa in at least the eastern North Atlantic.

The species specifier originates from the French naturalist Lamarck (Latin name form: Lamarckius).

Life cycle

The medusae bud and loosen from the mature polyps between January and March around the British Isles and southern North Sea. This occurs in a similar way to the life cycle of the moon jellyfish. These blue jellyfish live for less than a year.^[7]

References

^ Holst, Sabine; Laakmann, Silke (2013-09-30). "Morphological and molecular discrimination of two closely related jellyfish species, Cyanea capillata and C. lamarckii (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), from the northeast Atlantic". Journal of Plankton Research. 36 (1): 48–63. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbt093. ISSN 1464-3774.
^ "Blue jellyfish (Cyanea lamarckii):: OS grid SN6090 :: Geograph Britain and Ireland - photograph every grid square!". Geograph.org.uk. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
^ "Aquascope|Facts|Blå brännmanet". Vattenkikaren.gu.se. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
^ "Fun Facts about Jellyfish | JellyWatch". jellywatch.org. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
^ Montgomery, Louise; Seys, Jan; Mees, Jan (July 2016). "To Pee, or Not to Pee: A Review on Envenomation and Treatment in European Jellyfish Species". Marine Drugs. 14 (7): 127. doi:10.3390/md14070127. PMC 4962017. PMID 27399728.
^ Andy Horton. "British Jellyfish". Glaucus.org.uk. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
^ Gomes, Nuno M. V.; Shay, Jerry W.; Wright, Woodring E. (2010). "Telomere biology in Metazoa". FEBS Letters. 584 (17): 3741–3751. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2010.07.031. ISSN 1873-3468. PMC 2928394. PMID 20655915.