The Barnwell Railway was a shortline railroad that served western South Carolina in the late 19th century.

It was built in 1882 and ran from Barnwell, South Carolina, to Blackville, South Carolina, a distance of 9 miles, in Aiken County. It was owned and operated by the South Carolina Railway, but its operations were kept separate.[1]

In 1891, the Carolina Midland Railway acquired the Barnwell Railway and consolidated it with the Blackville, Alston and Newberry Railroad's Perry-to-Blackville line.[2][3]

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