Banu Khattab was a wealthy Ibadi dynasty of Hawwara origin that thrived off of the Trans-Saharan slave trade. It ruled over Zawila and the surrounding oases in the Fezzan region from 918/919 until 1172–1177[1][2][3][4][5] when it was sacked and conquered by the Armenian-Mamluk Qaraqush.[2][6] The instability created by Qaraqush was exploited by the Kanem, who under the reign of Dunama Dabbalemi had seized control of the Fezzan, establishing a new capital at Traghan, a few miles west of Zawila.[7]
Banu Khattab | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital | Zawila | ||||||||
| Religion | Islam (Ibadi) | ||||||||
| Government | |||||||||
• | Abdallah Ibn Khattab al-Hawwari | ||||||||
• | Muhammed ibn al-Khattab | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 918/919 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | c.1177 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Libya | ||||||||
They would later go on to rule the Fezzan again under the nominal control of the Hafsids in the 15th century.[2][8]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Vikør, K. S. (2012-04-24), "Zawīla", Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Brill, retrieved 2022-05-14
- ^ a b c Willis, John Ralph (1985). Slaves and Slavery in Muslim Africa: The servile estate. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-7146-3201-8.
- ^ نور, مكتبة. "Download book Pages From The History Of Fezzan PDF". www.noor-book.com. Retrieved 2022-08-14.
- ^ Gast, M. (2000-10-01). "Huwwâra, Houuara, Houara, Hawwâra". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (23): 3513–3521. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1612. ISSN 1015-7344.
- ^ Trousset, P.; Despois, J.; Gauthier, Y.; Gauthier, Ch; E. B (1997-08-01). "Fezzân". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (18): 2777–2817. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2083. ISSN 1015-7344.
- ^ Baadj, Amar S. (2015-08-11). Saladin, the Almohads and the Banū Ghāniya: The Contest for North Africa (12th and 13th centuries). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-29857-6.
- ^ Shillington, Kevin (2005). Encyclopedia of African History: A - G.. 1. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
- ^ Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (1971). A history of the Maghrib. Internet Archive. Cambridge [Eng.] University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07981-5.
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