Baliospermum solanifolium

Baliospermum solanifolium, synonym Baliospermum montanum, is a plant in the family Euphorbiaceae.[1] It is commonly known as red physic nut, wild castor, wild croton or wild sultan seed.[citation needed] It is a stout undershrub with numerous flowers.

Baliospermum solanifolium
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Genus: Baliospermum
Species:
B. solanifolium
Binomial name
Baliospermum solanifolium
(Burm.) Suresh[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Baliospermum angulare Decne. ex Baill.
  • Baliospermum axillare var. dioicum Haines
  • Baliospermum axillare Blume
  • Baliospermum indicum Decne.
  • Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Müll.Arg.
  • Baliospermum montanum var. dioicum (Haines) Haines
  • Baliospermum montanum var. heterophyllum Gagnep.
  • Baliospermum moritzianum Baill.
  • Baliospermum pendulinum Pax
  • Baliospermum polyandrum Wight, nom. superfl.
  • Baliospermum raziana Keshaw, Murthy & Yogan.
  • Croton polyandrus Roxb., nom. illeg.
  • Croton roxburghii Wall.
  • Croton solanifolius Burm.
  • Jatropha montana Willd.
  • Ricinus montanus (Willd.) Roxb. ex Benth.

Description

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Baliospermum solanifolium is a stout under-shrub 0.9-1.8 m in height with herbaceous branches from the roots. Leaves are simple, sinuate-toothed, upper ones small, lower ones large and sometimes palmately 3-5 lobed. Flowers are numerous, arranged in axillary racemes with male flowers above and a few females below. Fruits are capsules, 8-13 mm long and obovoid. Seeds are ellipsoid smooth and mottled.[2][better source needed]

Distribution

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Baliospermum solanifolium is distributed from China to tropical Asia.[1] It is found throughout the sub-Himalayan tracts from Khasi Hills to Kashmir. It is common in Bihar, West Bengal, and Peninsular and Central India.[citation needed]

Phytochemistry

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Compounds isolated from this plant include steroids, triterpenoids, diterpenes, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, and polyphenols.[3] The stems and leaves had the highest total phenolic content, which can be attributed to the existence of tannins in this plant.[3]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Baliospermum solanifolium (Burm.) Suresh". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  2. ^ Warrier, P. K., Nambiar, V. P. K. and Ramankutty, C. 1993-1995. Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1-5. Orient Longman Ltd., Madras.
  3. ^ a b Johnson, M; Wesely, Eg; Zahir Hussain, Mi; Selvan, N (2010). "In vivo and in vitro phytochemical and antibacterial efficacy of Baliospermum montanum (Wïlld.) Muell. Arg". Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 3 (11): 894–897. doi:10.1016/S1995-7645(10)60215-5.